Bot 311 Algae Sex-Repro Study Questions-05     Name ________________________________________________

Chlorophyta

Chlamydomonas V__________________e Cells are H_________________d. They undergo M_____________s to produce G_________________s that are of two strains (+ or -) These Unite to produce a Z______________e which forms a thick W_________l. This is called a Z________________e that undergoes M_____________s to produce + & - Strains of V________________e Cells.

 

Place the Letter for the Best Match in the Boxes A=Meiosis & Germination B=Mitosis C=Isogametes D=Zygospore E=Haploid Vegetative Cell F=Fertilization

Ulva begins as a U________________e Filament. It quickly becomes M__________________e. The mature Thallus two cells thick. Rhizoidial cells form a H__________________t which anchor it to the substrate. It produces M_____________e and F________________e (Isomorphic) G__________________s which are also identical to the S____________________e. This illustrates an I_____________________c Alternation of Generations. These Gametophytes produce B_____________e G_______________s ("Swarmers").They use their F_______________a to recognize compatible mates. These unite in flight and to produce Q___________________d Z______________s. These sink to the substrate and the Zygote becomes firmly a________________d to the S__________________e.

Place the Letter for the Best Match in the Boxes A=Meiosis B=Meiospores C=Gametophyte D=Gametes E=Fertilization F=Sporophyte

 

Coleochaete B_____________________l G_________________s from the dominant part of this life cycle. They produce O_______________a & A___________________a at the tips of Upright Branches. A__________________a produce B___________________e S______________m which lack P________________s. This represents significant functional specialization because the sperm of Chlorophyta usually resemble an autotrophic  C_____________________s  vegetative cell. The Sperm of Coleochaete has only one function, F________________n. Its Sperm are similar to those of L__________d P___________s. Fertilization produces a Z______________e. Cells of the Gametophyte form a Walled S_________________p. This is similar to the formation of a Calyptra and "Perianth" by the Archegonium & Gametophyte of Liverworts. M________________s occurs produces Biflagellate M_______________s that form Bisexual Gametophytes.

Place the Letter for the Best Match in the Boxes   A=Meiosis B=Meiospores C=Sporocarp D= Sperm E=Egg F=Fertilization G=Gametophyte H=Antheridium I=Oogonium

 

Bot 311 Algae Sex-ReproPHAEO Study Questions-05    Name _______________________________________

Phaeophyta

Both gametes are usually Motile. Gametes can be I_________________l (Isogamy). Gametes may look similar but one is L______________r than the other (Anisogamy). Sperm are Motile & the Egg is large & Nonmotile (O______________y). Fertilization usually occurs Outside the G_________________s. Eggs & Sperm can be formed in a G______________________m. Male and Female Gametophytes may be morphologiclly Identical (I__________________c) or distinct (H____________________c). Sporophytes and Gametophytes can look similar (I__________________c) or they may be morphologically distinct (H__________________________c).

Ectocarpus

Iso___________________c H_________________d G_________________s produce M_____________e or F_____________e G______________________a. Motile I_________________s are produced. The F_______________e G_____________e retracts its flagella and settles on the substrate. It releaes a powerful pheromone which attracts Sperm. A Sperm attaches to the Egg with one of its F______________a. The flagella retract and the Sperm fuses with the Egg (S_______________y/F_______________n). The Z___________________e divides to produce the S____________________e Generation. M____________s occurs in M___________________a to produce M__________________s that produce Male or Female G_____________________s.

Place the Letter for the Best Match in the Boxes   A=Meiosis B=Zygote C=Male Gametophyte D=Female Gametophyte E=Egg F=Sperm G=Sporophyte H=N I=2N

Laminareiales

The Haploid G_________________s are M_____________________C. The F____________________e Gametophyte has Large Cells and is Sparsely Branched. One E___g is produced by each O___________________m. It is Extruded to the Outside but NOT Released. The Male G___________________e is Highly Branched. Motile S______________m are produced.  Fertilization triggers Cell D________________s that produce an E__________________c S____________________e The Mature S______________________e produces M_____________________a which produce Motile M___________________s.   These S_________________e, and synthesize a Cell Wall that cements them to the S___________________e. These become the large D_______________d S___________________s. This life cycle has a H________________________c Alternation of Generations because the G__________________e Plants are minute and simplistic compared to the Large Complex S_______________________s.

Place the Letter for the Best Match in the Boxes   A=Meiosis B=Zygote C=Male Gametophyte D=Female Gametophyte E=Egg F=Sperm G=Sporophyte H=Meiosporangia

 

Fucus:

The S__________________e (Diploid) is the only m__________________r entity in this Life Cycle. It is p____________________l and may live up to four years. G___________________a are produced in C______________________s which are small swollen areas on the R_____________________s. The latter are the swollen tips of the T___________________s. These contain small superficial Cavities called C______________s. The Conceptacles contain A________________a and O___________________a.

E_____s and S__________m are through the Ostiole. The F________________d Sperm unite with a non________________e Egg. This is another example of O________________y. The Z_______________e settles to the Substrate and becomes attached to it. The S________________e consists of a H__________________t and a  P__________________c T__________________s.

Place the Letter for the Best Match in the Boxes   A=Meiosis B=Zygote C=Conceptacle D=Receptacle E=Egg F=Sperm G=Sporophyte H= Antheridium I=Oogonia J=Fertilization

 

Bot 311 Algae Sex-ReproPHAEO Study Questions-05    Name _______________________________________

Rhodophyta

Sexual Reproduction in the Rhodophyta is generally Oogamous because the Egg is significantly larger than the Sperm. Gametes in the Rhodophyta are NON-Motile. The Male Gametangium is called a Spermatangium. It produces Spermatia (Sperm). The Female Gametangium is called a Carpogonium. It produces an Egg.

 

Porphyra: The Haploid G_______________te Thallus produces a S______________a which produce S___________________a. These are non-flagellated S___________m. Gametophytes also produce C__________________a which form E________s. Fertilization (Syngamy) produces a D_____________d (2N) C_________________m that forms Diploid C_________________s. These are released and Germinate to produce a Diploid F_________________t which grows into the C_____________________s which is the multicellular S__________________e (2N). This produces M_________________a where M_____________s occurs. This produces Haploid C_________________s which grow into macroscopic G___________________e Thalli. This is an example of a S_______c Life Cycle. These have two G___________________s (Haploid & Diploid). The Diploid Generation produces M________________s and is thus called the S__________________e. The Haploid Generation produces G_______________s and is called the G_________________e. In the case of the Conchocelis Life Cycle, the Diploid Generation starts with F__________________n and ends with M_____________s which occurs a M________________m during the C____________________s stage. Other Algae exhibit Sporic Life Cycles and L__________d P_____________s have Sporic Life Cycles.

Place the Letter for the Best Match in the Boxes A=Meiosis B=Spermatia C=Fertilization D=Carpagonia E=Carpospores F-Conchocelis G=Meiosis H=Conchospores I=New Thallus

 

In the Florideophycidae, the Female Gametangium is also called a Carpogonium. It produces an Egg & an outgrowth called the Trichogyne (Female Hair). This is a Receptive Hair to which compatible Sperm can bind. The Female Gamete is retained in the Gametophyte. Fertilization (->2N) occurs in situ. A Minute Diploid Sporophyte grows inside the Carpogonium. It is called the CarpoSporophyte. It is retained on the Gametophyte.

It produces Carposporangia which form Diploid (2N) Spores called Carpospores. These are released and germinate to form another Diploid Organism which is called the Tetrasporophyte. The name means that it is a Sporophyte that will produce Meiospores which form a Tetrad following Meiosis. Tetraspores are produced in a Tetrasporangium. The mature Tetraspores (N) are released and germinate to produce Haploid Gametophytes (Male or Female). These will form Gametangia when they are mature and begin the life cycle all over again.

This may seem complex but it only inserts an additional Diploid Phase (Carposporophyte) in the Life Cycle.

 

Place the Letter for the Best Match in the Boxes   A=Meiosis B=Spermatia C=Fertilization D=Carposporophyte E=Carpospores F=Tetrasporophyte G=Meiosis H=Tetraspores I=Female Gametophyte J=Male Gametophyte K=Trichogyne