Bot 311 Algae Study Questions-05         Name ________________________________________________

 Rhodophyta (RD)

Are Rhodophyta primarily Marine or Freshwater? Circle

Are RD important for reefs in Hawaii?  _______. Approximately ______% of coastal algae in Hawaii are species of RD.

They are Eukaryotes or Prokaryotes (Circle) In addition to Chlorophyll and Carotenoids what additional class of Photosynthetic Pigments do they possess? P_________________________. These are located in  p________________somes that sit on their t_______________oids. Are membrane-bound Chloroplasts present in RD? ____________. Are Grana present?  _________. RDs have P__________________oids. These have high concentrations of R___________O. This may allow for C_________________n fixation at low ______2 levels. Do RDs produce starch? Is it a distinctive type of starch? __________.

Do they have Cellulose in their cell walls?  ___________

They can also have A____________r and C________________________n in their walls. These can amount to ______% of the wall’s dry weight. These colloidal materials have c______________________l value.

Some species can precipitate c______________________m c_____________________te in their cell walls. These are known as c___________________e algae. Geniculate RD have joints that are not c_______________________ied. This allows their thallus to be f___________le. Non-Geniculate RD often form c____________s which help to stabilize reefs.

 

New cell walls have a__________r growth. This is similar to what we observed with C___________________a. A p________g occurs at the center of new transverse cell walls. These are called p___________________y p______t c_________________________s. They are u________________e and characteristic for this Division (Phylum).

 

Multiseriate forms have one or more f_________________s s________e by s__________e.

Polystromatic forms are several l_______________s t__________k.

 

Secondary p_____t c_____________________s occur between a__________________t c_________s. These are o__________n at first but later they become p____________d.  These turn filaments into p_________________a-like “tissues”. The term p__________t g___________________l f_________________n is used to describe this.

 

Do some RDs have Apical Cells? ____________. In Multiseriate forms each f_________________t has its own Apical Cell.

 

Some complex RDs form a cylindrical thallus that resembles a s___________m. These have two distinct regions. The central M_________________a  consists of l__________e f______________ts. The outer C____________x contains ph______________________ic filaments that have fused.

Label The Figure BELOW.   Is this Uniaxial or Multiaxial? Circle

Label The Figure BELOW.   Is this Uniaxial or Multiaxial? Circle

 

Label the Images Below

  

Non_______________________e RDs are very important for r________f s__________________y. They may be the m__________t a___________________t organisms on tropical reefs. They act like c_____________t. They can withstand d________________ion and f________l s____n l______________t. They can also withstand vigorous w________e a___________n. They are most abundant in s______________w d________________ed s__________s.  They form the A__________l R______________e on coral reefs. Some species s_____________d their s_____________e c_________s to remove e___________________es and o__d d___________________ed layers of the thallus.

 

RDs can be found at great depths because they have P_______________________n p___________________s which absorb g__________n l_______________________t.

 

Use the words (High – Medium - Low or No) to indicate where you would expect to find Rhodophyta in the diagram below.