Invasion Land-Air - Gametophytes/Sporophytes

The Gametophytes of the Hepatophyta & Anthocerophyta are Large and Autotrophic while the while the Sporophytes are Small & are generally dependent on the Gametophytes for Nutrition. The Gametophytes require Light & a wet environment to survive.	Marchantia Sporophyte Enlarged Jungermanniales Sporophyte Anthoceros Sporophytes	Marchantia Gametophyte Jungermanniales Gametophyte Anthoceros Gametophyte
Gametophytes of the Bryophyta are usually larger than the Sporophytes & the Sporophytes are completely dependent on the Gametophytes. The Gametophytes require Light & a wet environment to survive.	Sporophyte	Gametophyte
Sporophytes of the Psilophyta are Larger & more Complex than the Gametophytes. The Sporophytes are Autotrophic while the Gametophytes are Heterotrophic & require specific Fungi to survive.	Psilotum Sporophyte	Psilotum Gametophytes
Sporophytes of the Sphenophya are larger & more Complex than the Gametophytes. The Sporophytes & Gametophytes are Photosynthetic. The Gametophytes require light & a wet environment to survive.	Equisetum Sporophyte	Equisetum Gametophyte
Sporophytes of the Lycophyta are larger & more Complex than the Gametophytes. The Sporophytes are Autotrophic while the Gametophytes are Heterotrophic or Autotrophic. Autotrophic Gametophytes require light & a wet environment. Fungi may be required for heterotrophic Gametophytes. Selaginella produces Megagametophytes. These are less dependent on the outside environment for survival. Remember that Gametophyte Development is Endosporic for Selaginella and they are no larger than their Spores.	Lycopodium mature Sporophyte Lycopodium Cones Lycopodium is Homosporous	Selaginella Sporophyte Selaginella Cones Selaginella is Heterosporous Selaginella Megaspores & Microspores Selaginella Young Sporophyte attached to the Megagametophyte inside the Spore.
Sporophytes of the Pterophyta are much larger than their Gametophytes, and are Autotrophic. The Gametophytes can be Photosynthetic or Heterotrophic. Photosynthetic Gametophytes require Light & a Wet Environment.	A Sorus with Sporangia Young Fern Gametophyte Older Gametophyte	Mature Sporophyte Gametophyte with young Sporophyte
Sporophytes of the Coniferophyta are some of the Largest & most Complex Organisms on the planet. The Gametophytes are Microscopic. The Megagametophyte is retained on the Sporophyte throughout its entire life.	The Megagametophyte is inside the Ovule Pinus Microgametophyte (Pollen)	My favorite Sporophyte!
*Sporophytes of the Anthophyta can be extremely small (Lemna) or extremely large (Koa).* The Gametophytes are Microscopic and are totally dependent on the Sporophyte. The Megagametophyte is retained within the Ovule. The Ovules is enclosed by the Ovary Wall (Pericarp).	The Megagametophyte (Embryo Sac) is inside the Ovule Mature Ovule The Anther produces Pollen Microgametophyte	Sporophyte Koa Stem Koa Flowers Magnolia Flower

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