H (Hawai'i) -- Actual ecological or economic impacts by this species in Hawai'i have been documented from published information . Information sources are provided in the HP-WRA spreadsheet. Minimally, a species given the H (Hawai'i) designation has met one of the following criteria: 

• Published statements by at least two experts having field experience in Hawai'i indicated that the species has caused major ecological or economic harm in Hawai'i.
• A published statement by one expert having field experience in Hawai'i indicated that the species has caused major ecological or economic harm AND published information indicates that this species has been the target of active control efforts in Hawai'i. 
• An expert with field experience in Hawaii has published a description of specific harm caused by the plant in Hawai'i (including location(s) where the problem was observed), AND the description appears to meet minimal criteria for significant harm, as defined by the Hawaii Exotic Plant Evaluation Protocol (HEPEP).