
Hawaii-Pacific Weed Risk Assessment [HP-WRA] is
a research project by Curt Daehler
(University of Hawaii) and Julie Denslow
(USDA Forest Service) that has been supported by funding from the USDA Forest Service and from the Hawaii Division of Forestry and Wildlife Urban and Community Forestry program.
The WRA scoring system was originally developed in Australia and New Zealand for
the evaluation of plants being imported. The intent of the HP-WRA research
project is to identify plants that pose a high weed risk in Hawaii and other
Pacific Islands.
The HP-WRA score does not measure actual invasiveness or economic or ecological
harm in the field. Rather, a designation of H(HPWRA) is a prediction that a
species will become invasive
.
The HP-WRA does not measure species benefits in terms of economic, ecological,
public health, medicinal, historic, community, cultural, tourism, and esthetic
value; nor does it determine if a suitable alternative species exists.
The HP-WRA only considers published information on invasiveness in Hawaii or
elsewhere and it does not include an actual "in-the field" evaluation
of current impacts in Hawaii. Another evaluation protocol called the Hawaii
Exotic Plant Evaluation Protocol (HEPEP) is being developed to provide a
current field evaluation of species that have been designated H(HPWRA).
The HP-WRA ratings have no regulatory authority and the HP-WRA
"list" is not an official State list of invasive plants. By
statute, the Hawaii Department of Agriculture is solely responsible for determining
which plant and animal species are prohibited or permitted into the State
(Hawaii Administrative Rules 4:68:1 - 'Noxious Weed Rules'). To determine which
species are prohibited in Hawaii, please consult the official State
of Hawaii List of Plant Species Designated as Noxious Weeds.
| WRA designation | Meaning |
|     L | Not currently recognized as invasive in Hawaii, and not likely to have major ecological or economic impacts on other Pacific Islands based on the HP-WRA screening process. |
|     L(Hawai'i) | Not currently recognized as invasive in Hawaii based on a track record of not becoming naturalized despite being widely planted in Hawaii for at least 40 years. |
|     H(HPWRA) | Likely to be invasive in Hawaii and on other Pacific Islands as determined by the HP- WRA screening process., which is based on published sources describing species biology and behavior in Hawaii and/or other parts of the world. |
|     H(Hawai'i) | Documented to cause significant ecological or economic harm in Hawaii, as determined from published information on the species' current impacts in Hawaii. [more details] |
|     EVALUATE | The species has been assessed using the HP-WRA system; however, no assessment of risk can be provided at this time because 1)important information is missing from the assessment or 2)the species possesses a combination of traits and characteristics that make its likely behavior difficult to assess using the WRA system. |
To download the full assessment for
any species, click on the species name.
Completed assessments sorted by Genus
| Family | Preferred_species_name | Common name | WRA score | WRA designation |
| Caprifoliaceae | Abelia x grandiflora | glossy Abelia | -13 | L |
| Fabaceae | Acacia auriculiformis | Darwin Black Wattle | 13 | H (HPWRA) |
| Fabaceae | Acacia confusa | Formosan koa | 10 | H (Hawai‘i) |
| Fabaceae | Acacia crassicarpa | northern wattle | 7 | H (HPWRA) |
| Fabaceae | Acacia farnesiana | sweet acacia | 14 | H (HPWRA) |
| Fabaceae | Acacia holosericea | candelabra wattle | 4 | EVALUATE |
| Fabaceae | Acacia longifolia | Sidney goldern wattle | 10 | H (HPWRA) |
| Fabaceae | Acacia mangium | mangium | 8 | H (HPWRA) |
| Fabaceae | Acacia mearnsii | Australian acacia | 15 | H (Hawai‘i) |
| Fabaceae | Acacia melanoxylon | Australian blackwood | 12 | H (HPWRA) |
| Fabaceae | Acacia nilotica | gum arabic tree | 14 | H (HPWRA) |
| Fabaceae | Acacia parramattensis | Parrmatta green wattle | 9 | H (HPWRA) |
| Fabaceae | Acacia stenophylla | shoestring acacia | 2 | L |
| Euphorbiaceae | Acalypha godseffiana | Acalypha | -7 | L |
| Euphorbiaceae | Acalypha hispida | chenille plant | 2 | L |
| Euphorbiaceae | Acalypha wilkesiana | beefsteak plant | -2 | L |
| Aceraceae | Acer rubrum | red maple | 8 | H (HPWRA) |
| Asteraceae | Achillea millefolium | common yarrow | 19 | H (HPWRA) |
| Asteraceae | Acmella grandiflora | Acmella | 0 | L |
| Arecaceae | Acoelorraphe wrightii | everglades palm | 2 | EVALUATE |
| Bombacaceae | Adansonia digitata | baobab tree | -6 | L |
| Fabaceae | Adenanthera pavonina | peacock tree | 7 | H (HPWRA) |
| Apocynaceae | Adenium obesum | desert rose | -8 | L |
| Bromeliaceae | Aechmea blanchetiana | orange blanchetiana | 0 | L |
| Bromeliaceae | Aechmea fasciata | urn plant | 2 | L |
| Fabaceae | Aeschynomene americana | American joint vetch | 12 | H (HPWRA) |
| Hippocastanaceae | Aesculus californica | California buckeye | 0 | L |
| Podocarpaceae | Afrocarpus falcatus | bastard yellow wood | 0 | L |
| Liliaceae | Agapanthus africanus | lily of the Nile | 2.5 | L |
| Liliaceae | Agapanthus praecox | common Agapanthus | 12 | H (HPWRA) |
| Araucariaceae | Agathis robusta | Queensland kauri | -5 | L |
| Meliaceae | Aglaia odorata | Chinese perfume plant | -4 | L |
| Araceae | Aglaonema commutatum | Aglaonema | 1 | L |
| Araceae | Aglaonema nitidum | Aglaonema | 0 | L |
| Poaceae | Agrostis stolonifera | carpet bentgrass | 19 | H (HPWRA) |
| Simaroubaceae | Ailanthus altissima | tree of heaven | 21 | H (HPWRA) |
| Lamiaceae | Ajuga reptans | common bugleweed | 11 | H (HPWRA) |
| Fabaceae | Albizia chinensis | Chinese albizia | 8 | H (HPWRA) |
| Fabaceae | Albizia guachapele | chime tree | -4 | L |
| Fabaceae | Albizia lebbeck | woman's-tongue tree | 7 | H (HPWRA) |
| Euphorbiaceae | Aleurites moluccana | kukui | 12 | H (HPWRA) |
| Apocynaceae | Allamanda blanchetii | purple allamanda | 6 | Evaluate |
| Apocynaceae | Allamanda cathartica | golden trumpet Allamanda | 8 | H (HPWRA) |
| Liliaceae | Allium sativum | garlic | -4 | L |
| Casuarinaceae | Allocasuarina verticillata | drooping she oak | -5 | L |
| Didiereaceae | Alluaudia procera | Madagascar ocotillo | -7 | L |
| Betulaceae | Alnus nepalensis | Nepalese alder | -2 | L |
| Araceae | Alocasia cucullata | dwarf elephant ear | 9 | H (HPWRA) |
| Araceae | Alocasia sanderiana | Kris plant | -2 | L |
| Rhamnaceae | Alphitonia zizyphoides | toi | 0 | L |
| Zingiberaceae | Alpinia purpurata | red ginger | 4 | EVALUATE |
| Zingiberaceae | Alpinia zerumbet | shell ginger | 10 | H (HPWRA) |
| Apocynaceae | Alstonia macrophylla | deviltree | 9 | H (HPWRA) |
| Malvaceae | Alyogyne huegelii | lilac hibiscus | 0 | L |
| Asteraceae | Ambrosia psilostachya | western ragweed | 15 | H (HPWRA) |
| Anacardiaceae | Anacardium occidentale | cashew tree | 0 | L |
| Fabaceae | Andira inermis | cabbage tree | -3 | L |
| Poaceae | Andropogon glomeratus | bushy bluestem | 14 | H (HPWRA) |
| Marattiaceae | Angiopteris evecta | giant fern | 8 | H (HPWRA) [revised 07/03/08] |
| Annonaceae | Annona cherimola | cherimoya | -4 | L |
| Annonaceae | Annona muricata | soursop | -3 | L |
| Annonaceae | Annona squamosa | sugar apple | -2 | L |
| Poaceae | Anthoxanthum odoratum | sweet vernalgrass | 11 | H (HPWRA) |
| Araceae | Anthurium hoLeri | birds nest Anthurium | -6 | L |
| Polygonaceae | Antigonon leptopus | Mexican creeper | 19 | H (HPWRA) |
| Acanthaceae | Aphelandra aurantiaca | fiery spike | -2 | L |
| Aizoaceae | Aptenia cordifolia | hearts and flowers | 5 | L |
| Fabaceae | Arachis glabrata | perennial peanut | -1 | L |
| Fabaceae | Arachis pintoi | perenial peanut | -1 | L |
| Araucariaceae | Araucaria columnaris | CoLs pine | -5 | L |
| Araucariaceae | Araucaria heterophylla | Norfolk Island pine | -5 | L |
| Arecaceae | Archontophoenix alexandrae | Alexandra palm | 8 | H (HPWRA) [revised 1/22/08] |
| Arecaceae | Archontophoenix cunninghamiana | king palm | 6 | EVALUATE [revised 1/22/08] |
| Arecaceae | Archontophoenix tuckeri | peach creek palm | 4 | EVALUATE |
| Myrsinaceae | Ardisia crenata | coral ardisia | 10 | H (HPWRA) [revised 07/03/08] |
| Myrsinaceae | Ardisia elliptica | shoebutton ardisia | 11 | H (Hawai'i) |
| Palmae | Areca catechu | betel nut palm | -4 | L |
| Convolvulaceae | Argyreia nervosa | Hawaiian baby woodrose | 1 | L |
| Aristolochiaceae | Aristolochia ringens | gaping dutchman's pipe | 4 | EVALUATE |
| Annonaceae | Artabotrys hexapetalus | climbing ylang-ylang | -1 | L |
| Moraceae | Artocarpus altilis | breadfruit | -12 | L |
| Moraceae | Artocarpus heterophyllus | jackfruit | 1 | L |
| Moraceae | Artocarpus odoratissimus | marang | -3 | L |
| Poaceae | Arundo donax | Arundo | 12 | H (HPWRA) |
| Asclepiadaceae | Asclepias physocarpa | milkweed | 8 | H (HPWRA) |
| Liliaceae | Asparagus densiflorus | asparagus fern | 15 | H (HPWRA) |
| Liliaceae | Asparagus falcatus | sicklethorn | 11 | H (HPWRA) |
| Liliaceae | Asparagus setaceus | common asparagus fern | 13 | H (HPWRA) |
| Liliaceae | Aspidistra elatior | cast iron plant | -1 | L |
| Acanthaceae | Asystasia gangetica | Chinese violet | 12 | H (HPWRA) |
| Rubiaceae | Atractocarpus fitzalanii | Randia | 3 | H (HPWRA) |
| Oxalidaceae | Averrhoa carambola | starfruit | -1 | L |
| Poaceae | Axonopus compressus | broadleaf carpet grass | 15 | H (HPWRA) |
| Poaceae | Axonopus fissifolius. | carpet grass | 16 | H (HPWRA) |
| Meliaceae | Azadirachta indica | neem | 10 | H (HPWRA) [updated 2July 2009] |
| Arecaceae | Balaka longirostris | Mbalaka | 0 | L |
| Poaceae | Bambusa chungii | Emporer's blue bamboo | -1 | L |
| Poaceae | Bambusa glaucophylla | Malay dwarf bamboo | -3 | L |
| Poaceae | Bambusa lako | Timor Black Bamboo | -1 | L (HPWRA) |
| Poaceae | Bambusa oldhamii | Oldham's bamboo | 1 | EVALUATE |
| Poaceae | Bambusa textilis | weaver's bamboo | -3 | L |
| Poaceae | Bambusa vulgaris | common bamboo | 5 | L |
| Lecythidaceae | Barringtonia asiatica | sea putat | -8 | L |
| Basellaceae | Basella alba | Malabar spinach | 8 | H (HPWRA) |
| Fabaceae | Bauhinia binata | unknown | -1 | L |
| Fabaceae | Bauhinia hookeri | white Bauhinia | -4 | L |
| Fabaceae | Bauhinia monandra | pink orchid tree | 7 | H (HPWRA) |
| Fabaceae | Bauhinia purpurea | purple bauhinia | 7 | H (HPWRA) |
| Fabaceae | Bauhinia tomentosa | yellow tree bauhinia | -1 | L |
| Fabaceae | Bauhinia variegata | mountain ebony | 9 | L (Hawai‘i) |
| Fabaceae | Bauhinia x blakeana | Hong Kong orchid tree | -7 | L |
| Apocynaceae | Beaumontia grandiflora | Easter-lily-vine | -6 | L |
| Apocynaceae | Beaumontia multiflora | herald's trumpet | -4 | L |
| Arecaceae | Beccariophoenix madagascariensis | window palm | -7 | L |
| Rhamnaceae | Berchemia zeyheri | pink ivory | -3 | L |
| Asteraceae | Bidens alba | beggar's-tick | 12 | H (HPWRA) |
| Asteraceae | Bidens pilosa | Spanish needle | 23 | H (HPWRA) |
| Bishofiaceae | Bischofia javanica | bishopwood | 7 | H (HPWRA) |
| Arecaceae | Bismarckia nobilis | Bismarck palm | -7 | L |
| Bixaceae | Bixa orellana | lipsticktree | 1 | L |
| Zingiberaceae | Boesenbergia rotunda | Chinese-keys | 0 | L |
| Fabaceae | Bolusanthus speciosus | wisteria tree | -6 | L |
| Poaceae | Bothriochloa bladhii | Caucasian bluestem | 19 | H (HPWRA) |
| Nyctaginaceae | Bougainvillea glabra | paperflower | -1 | L |
| Poaceae | Bouteloua aristidoides | needle grama | 9 | H |
| Poaceae | Brachiaria mutica | para grass | 12 | H (Hawai‘i) |
| Sterculiaceae | Brachychiton acerifolius | Illawarra flame tree | -5 | L |
| Arecaceae | Brahea armata | blue hesper palm | 3 | L |
| Brassicaceae | Brassica napus | turnip | 16 | H (HPWRA) |
| Grossulariaceae | Brexia madagascariensis | Brexia | -6 | L |
| Euphorbiaceae | Breynia disticha | snow bush | -5 | L |
| Moraceae | Broussonetia papyrifera (Hawaiian seedless) | paper mulberry | 3 | L |
| Solanaceae | Brugmansia x candida | angel's trumpet | 2 | L |
| Solanaceae | Brunfelsia densifolia | serpentine hill raintree | -4 | L |
| Crassulaceae | Bryophyllum tubiflorum | chandelier plant | 9 | H (HPWRA) |
| Poaceae | Buchloe dactyloides | Amer buffalo grass | 4.5 | L |
| Combretaceae | Bucida buceras | black olive | -3 | L |
| Combretaceae | Bucida molinetii | spiny black olive | -3 | L |
| Buddlejaceae | Buddleja asiatica | Asian butterfly bush | 9 | H (HPWRA) |
| Buddlejaceae | Buddleja davidii | orange eye butterflybush | 13 | H (HPWRA) |
| Buddlejaceae | Buddleja madagascariensis | smokebush | 7 | H (Hawai‘i) |
| Malpighiaceae | Bunchosia argentea | peanut butter fruit | -3 | L |
| Fabaceae | Caesalpinia bonduc | nickerbean | 12 | H (HPWRA) |
| Fabaceae | Caesalpinia decapetala | cat's claw | 20 | H (Hawai‘i) |
| Fabaceae | Caesalpinia ferrea | Brazilian ironwood | -3 | L |
| Fabaceae | Caesalpinia major | yellow nicker | 10 | H (HPWRA) |
| Fabaceae | Caesalpinia pulcherrima | dwarf poinciana | 5 | L |
| Fabaceae | Cajanus cajan | pigeon pea | 0 | L |
| Marantaceae | Calathea majestica | -1 | L | |
| Fabaceae | Calliandra calothyrsus | calliandra | 1 | L |
| Fabaceae | Calliandra haematocephala | red powderpuff | 2 | L |
| Fabaceae | Calliandra surinamensis | pink powderpuff | -4 | L |
| Verbenaceae | Callicarpa japonica | Japanese beautyberry | 5 | EVALUATE |
| Myrtaceae | Callistemon citrinus | crimson bottlebush | 0 | L |
| Myrtaceae | Callistemon rigidus | stiff bottlebrush | 1 | L |
| Myrtaceae | Callistemon viminalis | weeping bottlebrush | 3 | L |
| Clusiaceae | Calophyllum inophyllum | kamani | 6 | EVALUATE |
| Fabaceae | Calopogonium mucunoides | calapo | 6 | L |
| Asclepiadaceae | Calotropis gigantea | crownplant | 15 | H (HPWRA) |
| Asclepiadaceae | Calotropis procera | small crownflower | 15 | H (HPWRA) |
| Theaceae | Camellia sinensis | tea | -4 | L |
| Annonaceae | Cananga odorata | perfume tree | 3 | L |
| Cannaceae | Canna indica | African arrowroot | 17 | H (HPWRA) |
| Cannabaceae | Cannabis sativa | marijuana | 8.5 | H (HPWRA) |
| Solanaceae | Capsicum frutescens | wild pepper | 5 | L |
| Rhizophoraceae | Carallia brachiata | Corkwood | 3 | EVALUATE |
| Sapindaceae | Cardiospermum grandiflorum | showy balloonvine | 18 | H (HPWRA) |
| Sapindaceae | Cardiospermum halicacabum | baloon vine | 12 | H (HPWRA) |
| Cyperaceae | Carex muskingumensis | Muskingum sedge | 8 | H (HPWRA) |
| Caricaceae | Carica papaya | papaya | 2 | L |
| Apocynaceae | Carissa grandiflora | Natal plum | -1 | L |
| Boraginaceae | Carmona retusa | Fukien tea | 4 | EVALUATE |
| Arecaceae | Carpentaria acuminata | Carpentaria palm | -5 | L |
| Aizoaceae | Carpobrotus edulis | ice plant | 9.5 | H (HPWRA) |
| Arecaceae | Caryota mitis | fishtail palm | 1 | EVALUATE |
| Fabaceae | Cassia bakeriana | pink shower tree | -2 | L |
| Fabaceae | Cassia fistula | golden shower tree | 3 | L |
| Fabaceae | Cassia grandis | pink shower tree | -5 | L |
| Fabaceae | Cassia javanica | pink shower tree | -1 | L |
| Fabaceae | Cassia xnealiae | rainbow shower tree | -8 | L |
| Casuarinaceae | Casuarina cunninghamiana | cunninghamia beefwood | 12 | H (HPWRA) |
| Casuarinaceae | Casuarina equisetifolia | iron wood | 21 | H (HPWRA) [revised 07/03/08] |
| Casuarinaceae | Casuarina glauca | gray sheoak | 20 | H (HPWRA) |
| Bignoniaceae | Catalpa longissima | Jamaica oak | 2 | L |
| Apocynaceae | Catharanthus roseus | Madagascar periwinkle | 2 | L |
| Cecropiaceae | Cecropia obtusifolia | trumpet-tree | 10 | H (HPWRA) |
| Cecropiaceae | Cecropia peltata | trumpet tree | 9 | H (HPWRA) |
| Meliaceae | Cedrela odorata | Spanish cedar | 2 | EVALUATE |
| Bombacaceae | Ceiba pentandra | kapok tree | 2 | L |
| Asteraceae | Centaurea melitensis | yellow star thistle | 18 | H (HPWRA) |
| Fabaceae | Centrosema pubescens | centro | 11 | H (HPWRA) |
| Fabaceae | Ceratonia siliqua | carob tree | 0 | L |
| Apocynaceae | Cerbera manghas | pink-eyed Cerbera | 1 | L |
| Solanaceae | Cestrum elegans | crimson cestrum | 18 | H (HPWRA) |
| Solanaceae | Cestrum nocturnum | night-blooming jasmine | 17 | H (HPWRA) |
| Fabaceae | Chamaecrista nictitans | partridge pea | 0 | L |
| Euphorbiaceae | Chamaesyce albomarginata | rattle snake weed | 3 | L |
| Asteraceae | Chamelaucium uncinatum | Geraldton wax | -2.5 | L |
| Poaceae | Chasmanthium latifolium | northern sea oats | 8.5 | H (HPWRA) |
| Chenopodiaceae | Chenopodium carinatum | Tasmanian goosefoot | 9 | H (HPWRA) |
| Liliaceae | Chlorophytum comosum | spiderplant | 8 | L (Hawai‘i) |
| Bombacaceae | Chorisia speciosa | floss-silk tree | -7 | L |
| Asteraceae | Chrysanthemum cinerariifolium | pyrethrum | 3 | Evaluate |
| Sapotaceae | Chrysophyllum oliviforme | satin leaf | 7 | H (HPWRA) |
| Poaceae | Chrysopogon zizanioides (fertile) | vetiver grass wild type | 9 | H (HPWRA) |
| Poaceae | Chrysopogon zizanioides 'Sunshine' | vetiver grass "sunshine" | -8 | L |
| Rubiaceae | Cinchona pubescens | red cinchona | 9 | H (Hawai‘i) |
| Lauraceae | Cinnamomum aromaticum | chinese cinnamon | -3 | L |
| Lauraceae | Cinnamomum camphora | camphor tree | 14 | H (HPWRA) |
| Lauraceae | Cinnamomum verum | cinnamon tree | 10 | H (HPWRA) |
| Asteraceae | Cirsium vulgare | bull thistle | 18.5 | H (HPWRA) |
| Vitaceae | Cissus discolor | rex begonia vine | 1 | EVALUATE |
| Vitaceae | Cissus nodosa | Javanese treebine | 8 | H (HPWRA) |
| Vitaceae | Cissus repens | cissus | 7 | H (HPWRA) |
| Vitaceae | Cissus rotundifolia | Venezuelan treebine | 9 | H (HPWRA) |
| Verbenaceae | Citharexylum spinosum | fiddlewood | 7 | H (HPWRA) |
| Rutaceae | Citrus aurantifolia | lime | 2 | L |
| Rutaceae | Citrus limon | lemon | -3 | L |
| Rutaceae | Citrus maxima | pummelo | 0 | L |
| Rutaceae | Citrus reticulata | Mandarin orange | -5 | L |
| Rutaceae | Citrus sinensis | sweet orange | -2 | L |
| Rutaceae | Citrus x paradisi | grapefruit | -8 | L |
| Rutaceae | Citrus×Citrofortunella mitis | calamondin | 0 | L |
| Cactaceae | Cleistocactus baumannii | firecracker cactus | -4 | L |
| Verbenaceae | Clerodendrum buchananii | red clerodendrum | 7 | H (HPWRA) |
| Verbenaceae | Clerodendrum glabrum | Natal glorybower | -1 | L |
| Verbenaceae | Clerodendrum macrostegium | velvetleaf glorybower | 8 | H (HPWRA) |
| Verbenaceae | Clerodendrum paniculatum | pagoda flower | 5 | EVALUATE |
| Verbenaceae | Clerodendrum quadriloculare | bronze leaved clerodendrum | 11 | H (HPWRA) |
| Fabaceae | Clitoria ternatea | butterfly pea | 9 | H (HPWRA) |
| Clusiaceae | Clusia rosea | autograph tree | 5 | EVALUATE |
| Cucurbitaceae | Coccinia grandis | ivy gourd | 21 | H (Hawai‘i) |
| Polygonaceae | Coccoloba uvifera | sea grape | -5 | L |
| Arecaceae | Coccothrinax barbadensis | Puerto Rico silver palm | 2 | Evaluate |
| Bixaceae | Cochlospermum vitifolium | buttercup tree | -4 | L |
| Arecaceae | Cocos nucifera | coconut palm | -4 | L |
| Euphorbiaceae | Codiaeum variegatum | croton | -4 | L |
| Rubiaceae | Coffea arabica | coffee | 2 | H (HPWRA) |
| Rubiaceae | Coffea liberica | Liberian coffee | 1 | EVALUATE |
| Arecaceae | Colpothrinax wrightii | barrel palm | -2 | L |
| Fabaceae | Colvillea racemosa | Colville's glory | -8 | L |
| Combretaceae | Conocarpus erectus | button mangrove | 4 | L |
| Fabaceae | Copaifera langsdorffii | diesel tree | 4 | EVALUATE |
| Arecaceae | Copernicia prunifera | carnauba wax palm | 0 | L |
| Rubiaceae | Coprosma repens | creeping mirrorplant | 1 | L |
| Boraginaceae | Cordia lutea | yellow geiger | -6 | L |
| Boraginaceae | Cordia sebestena | geiger tree | -1 | L |
| Boraginaceae | Cordia subcordata | kou | -3 | L |
| Poaceae | Cortaderia jubata | Andean pampas grass | 26 | H (HPWRA) |
| Poaceae | Cortaderia selloana | pampas grass | 24 | H (HPWRA) |
| Myrtaceae | Corymbia citriodora | lemon-scented gum | 9 | H (HPWRA) |
| Myrtaceae | Corymbia ficifolia | red-flowering gum | -7 | L |
| Costaceae | Costus dubius | costus | 8 | H (HPWRA) |
| Costaceae | Costus woodsonii | Indian-head ginger | 11 | H (HPWRA) |
| Rosaceae | Cotoneaster pannosus | silverleaf cotoneaster | 7 | H (HPWRA) |
| Crassulaceae | Crassula ovata | jade plant | -4 | L |
| Capparaceae | Crateva religiosa | spider tree | 0 | L |
| Bignoniaceae | Crescentia cujete | calabash tree | -8 | L |
| Liliaceae | Crinum asiaticum | Crinum lily | -4 | L |
| Fabaceae | Crotalaria juncea | Indian hemp | -3 | L |
| Taxodiaceae | Cryptomeria japonica | Japanese cedar | -3 | L |
| Asclepiadaceae | Cryptostegia madagascariensis | Madagascar rubber vine | 13 | H (HPWRA) |
| Sapindaceae | Cupaniopsis anacardioides | carrotwood | 6 | EVALUATE |
| Lythraceae | Cuphea hyssopifolia | false heather | 5 | L |
| Lythraceae | Cuphea ignea | Mexican cigar plant | 3 | L |
| Lythraceae | Cuphea subuligera | mauve cuphea | 1 | L |
| Cupressaceae | Cupressus lusitanica | Mexican cypress | 6 | L |
| Zingiberaceae | Curcuma longa | tumeric | -8 | L |
| Zingiberaceae | Curcuma zedoaria | rose turmeric | -3 | L |
| Araliaceae | Cussonia paniculata | Mountain cabbage tree | -7 | L |
| Araliaceae | Cussonia spicata | cabbage tree | -5 | L |
| Fabaceae | Cyamopsis tetragonoloba | cluster bean | -11 | L |
| Cyatheaceae | Cyathea cooperi | Australian tree fern | 8 | H (Hawai‘i) |
| Cycadaceae | Cycas revoluta | king sago | -2 | L |
| Poaceae | Cymbopogon citratus | lemongrass | -2 | L |
| Cyperaceae | Cyperus involucratus | umbrella sedge | 17 | H (HPWRA) |
| Arecaceae | Cyrtostachys renda | sealing wax palm | 1 | EVALUATE |
| Fabaceae | Dalbergia latifolia | East Indian rosewood | 5 | EVALUATE |
| Fabaceae | Dalbergia retusa | Nicaragua rosewood | 0 | L |
| Fabaceae | Dalbergia sissoo | Indian rosewood | 13 | H (HPWRA) |
| Agavaceae | Dasylirion acrotrichum | green desert spoon | 0 | L |
| Agavaceae | Dasylirion quadrangulatum | Mexican grass tree | -4 | L |
| Davalliaceae | Davallia fejeensis | lacy hare’s-foot fern | 6 | L |
| Asteraceae | Delairea odorata | German ivy | 14 | H (Hawai‘i) |
| Fabaceae | Delonix regia | royal poinciana | -1 | L |
| Fabaceae | Derris elliptica | tubaroot | 7 | H (HPWRA) |
| Fabaceae | Desmanthus virgatus | slender mimosa | 12 | H (HPWRA) |
| Fabaceae | Desmodium nicaraguense | shrubby desmodium | -2 | L |
| Fabaceae | Desmodium umbellatum | horse bush | 5 | L |
| Liliaceae | Dianella caerulea | cerulean flaxlily | 5 | EVALUATE |
| Liliaceae | Dianella revoluta | spreading flax lily | 2 | L |
| Liliaceae | Dianella tasmanica | Tasman flax lily | 0 | L |
| Commelinaceae | Dichorisandra thyrsiflora | blue ginger | 1 | L |
| Fabaceae | Dichrostachys cinerea | sickle bush | 16 | H (HPWRA) |
| Arecaceae | Dictyosperma album | hurricane palm | -3 | L |
| Araceae | Dieffenbachia seguine (outdoors) | dumbcane | 7 | H (HPWRA) |
| Scrophulariaceae | Digitalis purpurea | foxglove | 7.5 | H (HPWRA) |
| Dilleniaceae | Dillenia suffruticosa | shrubby dillenia | 3 | EVALUATE |
| Fabaceae | Diphysa americana | guachipelín | 0 | L |
| Melastomataceae | Dissotis rotundifolia | dissotis | 10 | H (HPWRA) |
| Bignoniaceae | Dolichandrone spathacea | mangrove trumpet-tree | -5 | L |
| Fabaceae | Dolichos lablab | lablab bean | -1 | L |
| Agavaceae | Dracaena draco | dragon tree | -5 | L |
| Agavaceae | Dracaena fragrans | corn plant | 0 | L |
| Agavaceae | Dracaena marginata | money tree | -1 | L |
| Verbenaceae | Duranta erecta | golden dew drop | 13 | H (HPWRA) |
| Arecaceae | Dypsis decaryi | triangle palm | -7 | L |
| Arecaceae | Dypsis lutescens | areca palm | 2 | L (Hawai‘i) |
| Poaceae | Echinochloa esculenta | Japanese millet | 8 | H (HPWRA) |
| Eleagnaceae | Elaeagnus umbellata | autumn olive | 13 | H (HPWRA) |
| Arecaceae | Elaeis guineensis | African oil palm | 10 | H (HPWRA) |
| Elaeocarpaceae | Elaeocarpus angustifolius | blue marble tree | 4 | EVALUATE |
| Elaeocarpaceae | Elaeocarpus hainanensis | Hainan elaeocarpus | 1 | Evaluate |
| Celastraceae | Elaeodendron orientale | false olive | -1 | L |
| Poaceae | Eleusine coracana | finger millet | 2 | EVALUATE |
| Fabaceae | Enterolobium cyclocarpum | ear tree | 3 | L |
| Araceae | Epipremnum pinnatum | pothos | 9 | H (HPWRA) |
| Gesneriaceae | Episcia cupreata | flame violet | 3 | L |
| Gesneriaceae | Episcia dianthiflora | lace flower vine | -2 | L |
| Poaceae | Eragrostis elliottii | blue lovegrass | 12 | H (HPWRA) |
| Acanthaceae | Eranthemum pulchellum | blue sage | 0 | L |
| Turneraceae | Erblichia odorata | butterfly tree | 0 | L |
| Poaceae | Eremochloa ophiuroides | centipede grass | 8 | L (Hawai‘i) |
| Ericaceae | Erica lusitanica | Spanish heath | 20.5 | H (HPWRA) |
| Asteraceae | Erigeron karvinskianus | Mexican daisy | 11 | H (Hawai‘i) |
| Rosaceae | Eriobotrya japonica | loquat | 0.5 | EVALUATE |
| Fabaceae | Erythrina abyssinica | Erythrina | 5 | L |
| Fabaceae | Erythrina corallodendron | coral bean tree | 6 | EVALUATE |
| Fabaceae | Erythrina crista-galli | cockspur coral tree | 6 | L |
| Fabaceae | Erythrina sigmoidea | none | 6 | EVALUATE |
| Fabaceae | Erythrina subumbrans | December tree | 5 | EVALUATE |
| Fabaceae | Erythrina variegata | coral tree | -2 | L |
| Grossulariaceae | Escallonia rubra var. macrantha | redclaws | 4 | Evaluate |
| Zingiberaceae | Etlingera elatior | torch ginger | 1 | L (Hawai‘i) |
| Myrtaceae | Eucalyptus caesia | silver princess | 0 | L |
| Myrtaceae | Eucalyptus cinerea | silver dollar gum | 4 | L |
| Myrtaceae. | Eucalyptus cloeziana | Queensland messmate | -1 | L |
| Myrtaceae | Eucalyptus crebra | ironbark | -1 | L |
| Myrtaceae | Eucalyptus deglupta | Indonesian gum | 2 | L |
| Myrtaceae. | Eucalyptus dunnii | Dunn's white gum | 0 | L |
| Myrtaceae | Eucalyptus gardneri | blue mallet | 0 | L |
| Myrtaceae | Eucalyptus globulus | blue gum | 10 | H (HPWRA) |
| Myrtaceae | Eucalyptus grandis | rose gum | 11 | H (HPWRA) |
| Myrtaceae | Eucalyptus intermedia | bloodwood | 1 | L |
| Myrtaceae | Eucalyptus kruseana | Kruse's mallee | 0 | L |
| Myrtaceae | Eucalyptus microcorys | Australian tallowwood | 1 | L |
| Myrtaceae | Eucalyptus paniculata | grey ironbark | 11 | H (HPWRA) |
| Myrtaceae. | Eucalyptus pellita | red mahogany | 3 | L |
| Myrtaceae | Eucalyptus platypus | round-leaved moort | 0 | L |
| Myrtaceae | Eucalyptus robusta | swamp mahogany | 3 | L |
| Myrtaceae. | Eucalyptus saligna | sydney blue gum | 7 | H (HPWRA) |
| Myrtaceae | Eucalyptus salubris | gimlet | -3 | L |
| Myrtaceae | Eucalyptus sideroxylon | black ironbark, | 2 | L |
| Myrtaceae | Eucalyptus stoatei | scarlet pear gum | -2 | L |
| Myrtaceae | Eucalyptus tereticornis | forest red gum | 5 | L |
| Myrtaceae | Eucalyptus torelliana | blood-leaf gum | 4 | EVALUATE |
| Myrtaceae | Eucalyptus torquata | coral gum | -1 | L |
| Myrtaceae | Eucalyptus urophylla | Timor mountain gum | 4 | L |
| Myrtaceae | Eucalyptus yarraensis | yarra gum | 1 | L |
| Myrtaceae | Eugenia uniflora | Surinam cherry | 12 | H (HPWRA) |
| Euphorbiaceae | Euphorbia amygdaloides variety ‘Efanthia’ | wood spurge | 12 | H (HPWRA) |
| Euphorbiaceae | Euphorbia cotinifolia | red spurge | -2 | L |
| Euphorbiaceae | Euphorbia cyathophora | fire-on-the-mountain | 7 | H (HPWRA) |
| Euphorbiaceae | Euphorbia lathyris | petroleum plant | 9 | H (HPWRA) |
| Euphorbiaceae | Euphorbia leucocephala | pascuita | -2 | L |
| Euphorbiaceae | Euphorbia milii | crown of thorns | 1 | L |
| Euphorbiaceae | Euphorbia pulcherrima | poinsettia | -7 | L |
| Arecaceae | Euterpe oleracea | assai | 5 | EVALUATE |
| Convolvulaceae | Evolvulus glomeratus | blue daze | 0 | L |
| Euphorbiaceae | Excoecaria indica | mock willow | 1 | EVALUATE |
| Polygonaceae | Fagopyrum esculentum | buckwheat | -6 | L |
| Loganiaceae | Fagraea berteroana | pua keni keni | -1 | L |
| Fabaceae | Falcataria moluccana | albizia | 8 | H (HPWRA) |
| Poaceae | Festuca arundinacea | tall fescue | 17.5 | H (HPWRA) |
| Moraceae | Ficus benghalensis | Indian banyon | 3 | L |
| Moraceae | Ficus benjamina | weeping fig | 4 | EVALUATE |
| Moraceae | Ficus carica cv. brownturkey | common fig | 2 | L |
| Moraceae | Ficus deltoidea | mistletoe fig | 0 | L |
| Moraceae | Ficus elastica | Indian rubberplant | -5 | L |
| Moraceae | Ficus lyrata | fiddleleaf fig | -5 | L |
| Moraceae | Ficus macrophylla | Moreton bay fig | 3 | EVALUATE |
| Moraceae | Ficus microcarpa | Chinese banyon | 10 | H (HPWRA) |
| Moraceae | Ficus natalensis | Natal fig | 1 | EVALUATE |
| Moraceae | Ficus pumila | creeping fig | 2 | L |
| Moraceae | Ficus religiosa | bodhi tree | -4 | L |
| Moraceae | Ficus rubiginosa | Port Jackson fig | 7 | H (HPWRA) |
| Moraceae | Ficus tikoua | waipahu fig | -3 | L |
| Sapindaceae | Filicium decipiens | fern tree | 1 | EVALUATE |
| Fabaceae | Flemingia macrophylla | Flemingia | 4 | L |
| Fabaceae | Flemingia strobilifera | wild hops | 3 | EVALUATE |
| Rutaceae | Flindersia brayleyana | Queensland Maple | -3 | L |
| Apiaceae | Foeniculum vulgare | fennel | 19 | H (HPWRA) |
| Rhamnaceae | Frangula californica ssp. Californica | coffeeberry | 5 | H (HPWRA) |
| Oleaceae | Fraxinus uhdei | tropical ash | 11 | H (HPWRA) [revised 5/12/08] |
| Sterculiaceae | Fremontodendron californicum | flannelbush | 3 | L |
| Malphigiaceae | Galphimia gracilis | slender goldshower | -2 | L |
| Rubiaceae | Gardenia jasminoides | Cape jasmine | 0 | L |
| Rubiaceae | Gardenia taitensis | Tahitian gardenia | -4 | L |
| Onagraceae | Gaura lindheimeri | gaura | 6 | L |
| Asteraceae | Gazania rigens var. leucolaena | trailing gazania | 9 | H (HPWRA) |
| Fabaceae | Gliricidia sepium | mother of cocoa | -3 | L |
| Verbenaceae | Gmelina arborea | gmelina | 2 | L |
| Bignoniaceae | Godmania aesculifolia | cachillo | -3 | L |
| Acanthaceae | Graptophyllum pictum | caricature-plant | -5 | L |
| Proteaceae | Grevillea banksii | red silk oak | 8 | H (HPWRA) |
| Proteaceae | Grevillea robusta | silk oak | 5 | EVALUATE (Revised 04/27/04; Field reports from Hawai‘i indicate it may be a serious H; HEPEC documentation in progress) |
| Tiliaceae | Grewia occidentalis | lavender star flower | -3 | L |
| Fabaceae | Griffonia simplicifolia | Griffonia | 0 | L |
| Zygophyllaceae | Guaiacum officinale | lignum vitae | -6 | L |
| Bromeliaceae | Guzmania lindenii | Guzmania | 7 | H (HPWRA) |
| Casuarinaceae | Gymnostoma papuanum | Gymnostoma | 0 | L |
| Fabaceae | Haematoxylum campechianum | logwood | 8 | H (HPWRA)[revised] |
| Rubiaceae | Hamelia patens | firebush | 7 | H (HPWRA) |
| Bignoniaceae | Haplophragma adenophyllum | karenwood | 0 | L (HPWRA) |
| Sapindaceae | Harpullia pendula | tulipwood | -4 | L |
| Araliaceae | Hedera algeriensis | Algerian ivy | 4 | H (HPWRA) |
| Araliaceae | Hedera helix | English ivy | 10 | H (HPWRA) |
| Zingiberaceae | Hedychium coronarium | white ginger | 14 | H (Hawai‘i) |
| Zingiberaceae | Hedychium gardnerianum | kahili ginger | 16 | H (Hawai‘i) |
| Asteraceae | Helianthus annuus | sunflower | 10.5 | H (HPWRA) |
| Heliconiaceae | Heliconia caribaea | lobster claw | -1 | L |
| Heliconiaceae | Heliconia psittacorum | parrot's beak | 11 | H (HPWRA) |
| Heliconiaceae | Heliconia stricta | small lobster claw | 6 | L |
| Tiliaceae | Heliocarpus popayanensis | moho | 7 | H (HPWRA) |
| Acanthaceae | Hemigraphis alternata | metallic plant | 1 | L |
| Sterculiaceae | Heritiera littoralis | loLing-glass tree | -2 | L |
| Hernandiaceae | Hernandia ovigera | Jack in the box tree | -4 | L |
| Hernandiaceae | Hernandia sonora | toporite | -5 | L |
| Malvaceae | Hibiscus calyphyllus | lemonyellow rosemallow | 1 | L |
| Malvaceae | Hibiscus immaculatus | Koki'o Ke'oke'o | -3 | L |
| Malvaceae | Hibiscus insularis | Philip Island hibiscus | -3 | L |
| Malvaceae | Hibiscus rosa-sinensis | Chinese hibiscus | -2 | L |
| Malvaceae | Hibiscus sabdariffa | roselle | -3 | L |
| Malvaceae | Hibiscus schizopetalus | coral hibiscus | -4 | L |
| Liliaceae | Hippeastrum puniceum | Barbados lily | 2 | L |
| Malpigiaceae | Hiptage benghalensis | hiptage | 8 | H (HPWRA) |
| Verbenaceae | Holmskioldia sanguinea | Chinese hatplant | -1 | L |
| Verbenaceae | Holmskioldia tettensis | purple Chinese hatplant | -5 | L |
| Acanthaceae | Hygrophila polysperma | East Indian swampweed | 20 | H (HPWRA) |
| Fabaceae | Hymenea courbaril | west indian locust | 0 | L |
| Arecaceae | Hyophorbe lagenicaulis | bottle palm | -3 | L |
| Clusiaceae | Hypericum canariense | Canary Island St. Johnswort | 9 | H (HPWRA) |
| Clusiaceae | Hypericum perforatum | common St. Johnswort | 12 | H (HPWRA) |
| Aquifoliaceae | Ilex cassine | Dahoon holly | 3 | EVALUATE |
| Aquifoliaceae | Ilex dimorphophylla | Okinawan holly | 2 | L |
| Aquifoliaceae | Ilex paraguariensis | yerba mate | 8 | H (HPWRA) |
| Balsaminaceae | Impatiens balsamina | balsam impatens | 5 | EVALUATE |
| Balsaminaceae | Impatiens wallerana | busy Lizzy | 6 | L |
| Poaceae | Imperata cylindrica | cogon grass | 22 | H (HPWRA) |
| Fabaceae | Indigofera suffruticosa | wild indigo | 11 | H (HPWRA) |
| Fabaceae | Indigofera teysmannii | neel | 0 | L |
| Fabaceae | Inga edulis | ice cream bean | 2 | EVALUATE |
| Fabaceae | Inocarpus fagifer | Polynesian chestnut | -3 | L |
| Fabaceae | Intsia bijuga | kwila | -6 | L |
| Convolvulaceae | Ipomoea horsfalliae | Kuhio vine | 1 | L |
| Convolvulaceae | Ipomoea quamoclit | Cypress vine | 14 | H (HPWRA) |
| Amaranthaceae | Iresine herbstii | blood leaf | 0 | L |
| Rubiaceae | Ixora chinensis | Chinese ixora | -2 | L |
| Rubiaceae | Ixora coccinea | jungle flame | 4 | EVALUATE |
| Bignoniaceae | Jacaranda mimosifolia | Jacaranda | 1 | L |
| Oleaceae | Jasminum fluminense | Brazilian jasmine | 16 | H (HPWRA) |
| Oleaceae | Jasminum mesnyi | primrose jasmine | 2.5 | L |
| Oleaceae | Jasminum multiflorum | star jasmine | 2 | L |
| Oleaceae | Jasminum polyanthum | winter jasmine | 10 | H (HPWRA) |
| Euphorbiaceae | Jatropha curcas | physicnut | 17 | H (HPWRA) |
| Euphorbiaceae | Jatropha gossypiifolia | belly-ache bush | 18 | H (HPWRA) |
| Euphorbiaceae | Jatropha integerrima | peregrina | 0 | L |
| Euphorbiaceae | Jatropha podagrica | gout stalk | 2 | L |
| Cupressaceae | Juniperus chinensis | Chinese juniper | -3 | L |
| Acanthaceae | Justicia brandegeeana | shrimp plant | -1 | L |
| Zingiberaceae | Kaempferia galanga | galanga | 1 | L |
| Crassulaceae | Kalanchoe beharensis | velvet leaf | 4 | EVALUATE |
| Crassulaceae | Kalanchoe tomentosa | panda plant | 4 | L |
| Meliaceae | Khaya nyasica | East African mahogany | -1 | L |
| Meliaceae | Khaya senegalensis | dry zone mahogany | 0 | L |
| Bignoniaceae | Kigelia africana | sausage tree | 0 | L |
| Sapindaceae | Koelreuteria elegans | Chinese flame tree | 8 | H (HPWRA) [revised] |
| Apocynaceae | Kopsia fruticosa | shrub Vinca | -6 | L |
| Apocynaceae | Kopsia singapurensis | Singapore Kopsia | -4 | L |
| Arecaceae | Laccospadix australasica | Atherton palm | 1 | EVALUATE |
| Cucurbitaceae | Lagenaria siceraria | bottle gourd | 0 | L |
| Lythraceae | Lagerstroemia indica | crape myrtle | 6 | L |
| Lythraceae | Lagerstroemia indica L. X L. fauriei | crepe myrtle hybrid | 4 | L |
| Lythraceae | Lagerstroemia speciosa | queen's crape myrtle | -4 | L |
| Lythraceae | Lagerstroemia tomentosa | leza wood | -2 | L |
| Poaceae | Lagurus ovatus | hare's tail grass | 7 | H (HPWRA) |
| Verbenaceae | Lantana camara | lantana wildtype | 21 | H (Hawai‘i) |
| Verbenaceae | Lantana montevidensis | trailing lantana | 16 | H (HPWRA) |
| Arecaceae | Latania loddigesii | blue Latan palm | -8 | L |
| Malvaceae | Lavatera maritima | tree mallow | -6 | L |
| Leeaceae | Leea guineensis | Hawaiian holly | -1 | L |
| Lamiaceae | Leonotis nepetifolia | annual lion's ear | 19 | H (HPWRA) |
| Brassicaceae | Lepidium africanum | African pepperwort | 10 | H (HPWRA) |
| Brassicaceae | Lepidium virginicum | Virginia pepperweed | 17 | H (HPWRA) |
| Myrtaceae | Leptospermum scoparium | broom teatree | 3 | H (HPWRA) |
| Fabaceae | Lespedeza cuneata | Chinese lespedeza | 17 | H (HPWRA) |
| Fabaceae | Leucaena leucocephala | leucaena | 15 | H (HPWRA) |
| Scrophulariaceae | Leucophyllum frutescens | Texas ranger | -3 | L |
| Proteaceae | Leucospermum bolusii | Gordon's Bay pincushion | -4 | L |
| Oleaceae | Ligustrum japonicum | Japanese privet | 6 | EVALUATE |
| Oleaceae | Ligustrum lucidum | Glossy privet | 6 | EVALUATE |
| Oleaceae | Ligustrum sinense | Chinese privet | 11 | H (HPWRA) |
| Linaceae | Linum usitatissimum | flax | 9.5 | H (HPWRA) |
| Liliaceae | Liriope muscari | lilyturf | 4.5 | L |
| Liliaceae | Liriope spicata | creeping lilyturf | 7.5 | H (HPWRA) |
| Sapindaceae | Litchi chinensis | lychee | -6 | L |
| Arecaceae | Livistona chinensis | Chinese fan palm | 5 | EVALUATE |
| Arecaceae | Livistona rotundifolia | footstool palm | -1 | L |
| Poaceae | Lolium multiflorum | annual ryegrass | 9 | H (HPWRA) |
| Dasypogonaceae | Lomandra longifolia 'tanika' | fine leaf lomandra | 1 | L |
| Caprifoliaceae | Lonicera japonica | Japanese honeysuckle | 12 | H (HPWRA) |
| Caprifoliaceae | Lonicera xheckrottii | goldflame honeysuckle | -5 | L |
| Scrophulariaceae | Lophospermum erubescens | creeping gloxinia | 5 | L |
| Scrophulariaceae | Lophospermum scandens | twining snapdragon | -2 | L |
| Myrtaceae | Lophostemon confertus | Brisbane box | -3 | L |
| Fabaceae | Lotus berthelotti | parrot's beak | -1 | L |
| Fabaceae | Lupinus albifrons | silver lupine | 5.5 | Evaluate |
| Juncaceae | Luzula nivea | snowy wood rush | 4 | L |
| Juncaceae | Luzula sylvactica | greater woodrush | 7 | H (HPWRA) |
| Solanaceae | Lycium chinense | Chinese desert-thorn | 8 | H (HPWRA) |
| Fabaceae | Lysiloma watsonii | lysiloma | -5 | L |
| Primulaceae | Lysimachia fortunei variety super snow | Lysimachia | 8 | H (HPWRA) |
| Proteaceae | Macadamia integrifolia | macadamia | -1 | L |
| Euphorbiaceae | Macaranga mappa | bingabing | 11 | H (Hawai'i) |
| Bignoniaceae | Macfadyena unguis-cati | cat's claw vine | 17 | H (HPWRA) |
| Fabaceae | Macroptilium atropurpureum | siratro | 7 | H (HPWRA) |
| Fabaceae | Macroptilium bracteatum | burgundy bean | -1 | L |
| Fabaceae | Macrotyloma axillare | perennial horsegram | 10 | H (HPWRA) |
| Rhamnaceae | Maesopsis eminii | umbrella tree | 4 | EVALUATE |
| Magnoliaceae | Magnolia grandiflora | southern magnolia | 0 | L |
| Sapindaceae | Majidea zanguebarica | black pearl tree | -2 | L |
| Malpighiaceae | Malpighia glabra | wild crapemyrtle | -5 | L (HPWRA) |
| Malvaceae | Malvaviscus penduliflorus | Turk's cap | -9 | L |
| Apocynaceae | Mandevilla × amabilis | pink allamanda hybrid | -11 | L |
| Anacardiaceae. | Mangifera indica | mango | 1 | L |
| Euphorbiaceae | Manihot esculenta | cassava | 3 | L |
| Bignoniaceae | Mansoa alliaceum | garlic vine | 0 | L |
| Bignoniaceae | Mansoa hymenaea | membranous garlic vine | 0 | L |
| Malphigiaceae | Mascagnia macroptera | yellow butterfly vine | 6 | EVALUATE |
| Scrophulariaceae | Mecardonia procumbens 'Goldflake' | baby jump-up | 7 | H (HPWRA) |
| Melastomataceae | Medinilla cummingii | chandelier tree | 6 | EVALUATE |
| Melastomatceae | Medinilla heterophylla | 9 | H (HPWRA) | |
| Melastomataceae | Medinilla magnifica | Malaysian orchid | 8 | H (HPWRA) [revised 5/12/08] |
| Melastomataceae | Medinilla scortechinii | Medinilla | 5 | EVALUATE |
| Acanthaceae | Megaskepasma erythrochlamys | red cloak | -2 | L |
| Myrtaceae | Melaleuca bracteata | river tea-tree | 10 | H (HPWRA) |
| Myrtaceae | Melaleuca incana var. prostrata | prostrate gray honey myrtle | 0 | L |
| Myrtaceae | Melaleuca leucadendra | broadleaved paperback | -1 | L (HPWRA) |
| Myrtaceae | Melaleuca nesophila | mauve honey-myrtle | 8 | H (HPWRA) |
| Myrtaceae | Melaleuca quinquenervia | paper bark tree | 15 | H (HPWRA) |
| Myrtaceae | Melaleuca styphelioides | prickly-leaf teatree | -2 | L (HPWRA) |
| Melastomataceae | Melastoma candidum | Indian rhododendron | 13 | H (Hawai‘i) |
| Meliaceae | Melia azedarach | Chinaberry tree | 14 | H (HPWRA) |
| Poaceae | Melica transsilvanica | red spire | 7 | H (HPWRA) |
| Poaceae | Melinis nerviglumis | pink crystals | 7 | H (HPWRA) |
| Convolvulaceae | Merremia tuberosa | wood rose | 12 | H (HPWRA) |
| Myrtaceae | Metrosideros excelsa | New Zealand christmas tree | 5 | EVALUATE |
| Myrtaceae | Metrosideros kermadecensis | Kermadec pohutukawa | 3 | EVALUATE |
| Arecaceae | Metroxylon amicarum | Caroline ivory nut palm | 0 | L |
| Magnoliaceae | Michelia champaca | orange champaca | -5 | L |
| Magnoliaceae | Michelia figo | banana shrub | -5 | L |
| Magnoliaceae | Michelia x alba | white champaca | -6 | L |
| Melastomataceae | Miconia calvescens | Miconia | 14 | H (Hawai‘i) |
| Polypodiaceae | Microsorum musifolium | crocodile fern | 5 | L |
| Fabaceae | Mimosa diplotricha | giant sensitive plant | 24 | H (HPWRA) |
| Fabaceae | Mimosa pigra | catclaw mimosa | 25 | H (HPWRA) |
| Fabaceae | Mimosa tenuiflora | jurema | 7 | H (HPWRA) |
| Sapotaceae | Mimusops caffra | coastal red milkwood | -1 | L |
| Poaceae | Miscanthus floridulus | giant miscanthus | 13 | H (HPWRA) |
| Araceae | Monstera deliciosa | swiss-cheese plant | 1 | L |
| Asteraceae | Montanoa hibiscifolia | treedaisy | 13 | H (HPWRA) |
| Malvaceae | Montezuma speciosissima | maga | -1 | L |
| Myricaceae | Morella faya | firetree | 8 | H (Hawai‘i) |
| Rubiaceae | Morinda citrifolia | noni | 10 | H (HPWRA) |
| Moringaceae | Moringa oleifera | horse-raddish tree | 1 | L |
| Fabaceae | Mucuna pruriens | cowitch | 7 | H (HPWRA) |
| Tiliaceae | Muntingia calabura | Jamaica cherry | 12 | H (HPWRA) |
| Rutaceae | Murraya paniculata | mock orange | 6 | EVALUATE |
| Musaceae | Musa acuminata | Cavendish banana | -11 | L |
| Musaceae | Musa balbisiana | Japanese fiber banana | -2 | L |
| Rubiaceae | Mussaenda erythrophylla | red mussaenda | 0 | L |
| Rubiaceae | Mussaenda frondosa | flag bush | -4 | L |
| Rubiaceae | Mussaenda philippica | white mussaenda | -3 | L |
| Myoporaceae | Myoporum laetum | Ngaio | 6 | EVALUATE |
| Myrtaceae | Myrcianthes fragrans | Simpson stopper | 0 | L |
| Myrtaceae | Myrciaria cauliflora | jaboticaba | -2 | L |
| Poaceae | Nassella tenuissima | Mexican feather grass | 24 | H (HPWRA) |
| Poaceae | Nastus elatus | New Guinea Edible Bamboo | 2 | L |
| Fabaceae | Neonotonia wightii | perennial soybean | 7 | H (HPWRA) |
| Apocynaceae | Nerium oleander | oleander | 6 | L (Hawai‘i) |
| Solanaceae | Nicotiana glauca | tree tobacco | 15 | H (HPWRA) |
| Agavaceae | Nolina recurvata | ponytail palm | -4 | L |
| Oleaceae | Noronhia emarginata | Madagascar olive | 5 | EVALUATE |
| Ochnaceae | Ochna serrulata | Mickey Mouse plant | 11 | H (HPWRA) |
| Ochnaceae | Ochna thomasiana | Mickey-mouse bush | 8 | H (HPWRA) |
| Acanthaceae | Odontonema cuspidatum | firespike | 7 | H (HPWRA)[revised] |
| Oleaceae | Olea europaea | olive tree | 5 | EVALUATE |
| Liliaceae | Ophiopogon japonicus | mondo grass | 3 | L |
| Asteraceae | Osteospermum fruticosum | trailing African daisy | 3 | L |
| Scrophulariaceae | Otacanthus caeruleus | Brazilian snapdragon | -4 | L |
| Poaceae | Otatea aztecorum | Mexican weeping bamboo | 4 | L |
| Verbenaceae | Oxera pulchella | royal vine | -1 | L |
| Bombacaceae | Pachira aquatica | Malabar chestnut | -6 | L |
| Acanthaceae | Pachystachys lutea | yellow shrimp plant | -4 | L |
| Rubiaceae | Paederia foetida | maile pilau | 21 | H (Hawai‘i) |
| Pandanaceae | Pandanus pygmaeus | small screwpine | 0 | L |
| Poaceae | Panicum maximum | Guinea grass | 17 | H (Hawai‘i) |
| Poaceae | Panicum virgatum | switchgrass | 11 | H (HPWRA) |
| Fabaceae | Parkia speciosa | petai | -3 | L |
| Fabaceae | Parkinsonia aculeata | Jerusalum thorn | 20 | H (HPWRA) |
| Poaceae | Paspalum conjugatum | Hilograss | 28 | H (Hawai‘i) |
| Poaceae | Paspalum dilatatum | Dallis grass | 12 | H (HPWRA) |
| Poaceae | Paspalum notatum | bahia grass | 16 | H (HPWRA) |
| Poaceae | Paspalum vaginatum | seashore paspalum | 7 | H (HPWRA) |
| Passifloraceae | Passiflora edulis | passion fruit | 6 | L |
| Passifloraceae | Passiflora quadrangularis | giant granadilla | 11 | H (HPWRA) |
| Passifloraceae | Passiflora rubra | red passionfruit | 9 | H (HPWRA) |
| Passifloraceae | Passiflora tarminiana | banana poka | 24 | H (Hawai`i) |
| Passifloraceae | Passiflora vitifolia | crimson passion flower | -1 | L |
| Scrophulariaceae | Paulownia elongata | Paulownia | -1 | L |
| Scrophulariaceae | Paulownia fortunei | empress diamond | 1 | L |
| Scrophulariaceae | Paulownia tomentosa | princess tree | 9 | H (HPWRA) |
| Geraniaceae | Pelargonium peltatum | ivyleaf geranium | 0 | L |
| Fabaceae | Peltophorum pterocarpum | yellow flame | -4 | L |
| Poaceae | Pennisetum clandestinum | kikuyu grass | 18 | H (HPWRA) |
| Poaceae | Pennisetum glaucum variety 'purple majesty' | ornamental pearl millet | 3 | L |
| Poaceae | Pennisetum petiolare | petioled fountaingrass | 7 | H (HPWRA) |
| Poaceae | Pennisetum purpureum | elephant grass | 16 | H (HPWRA) |
| Poaceae | Pennisetum setaceum | fountain grass | 26 | H (Hawai‘i) |
| Poaceae | Pennisetum villosum | feathertop | 24 | H (HPWRA) |
| Apocynaceae | Pentalinon luteum | wild allamanda | 9 | H (HPWRA) |
| Piperaceae | Peperomia obtusifolia | baby rubberplant | -4 | L |
| Cactaceae | Pereskia aculeata | Barbados gooseberry | 13 | H (HPWRA) |
| Cactaceae | Pereskia grandifolia | rose cactus | 0 | L |
| Cactaceae | Pereskia lychnidiflora | arbol del matrimonio | -1 | L |
| Lauraceae | Persea americana | avocado | 3 | L |
| Polygonaceae | Persicaria chinensis | Chinese knotweed | 14 | H (HPWRA) |
| Verbenaceae | Petrea volubilis | sandpaper vine | -1 | L |
| Apiaceae | Petroselinum crispum | parsley | -1 | L |
| Araceae | Philodendron scandens | heart-leaf philodendron | -3 | L |
| Arecaceae | Phoenix dactylifera | date palm | 10 | H (HPWRA) |
| Arecaceae | Phoenix roebelenii | pygmy date palm | -5 | L |
| Agavaceae | Phormium tenax | New Zealand flax | 8 | H (Hawai‘i) |
| Rosaceae | Photinia davidiana | photina | -2 | L |
| Verbenaceae | Phyla nodiflora | matchweed | 5 | H (HPWRA) |
| Euphorbiaceae | Phyllanthus acidus | gooseberry-tree | 4 | L |
| Phytolaccaeae | Phytolacca dioica |