TARWEEDS AND SILVERSWORDS
Evolution of the Madiinae (Asteraceae)
1 Natural History of the Continental Tarweeds and the Hawaiian Silversword Alliance (Madiinae)
BRUCE G. BALDWIN
OVERVIEW
INTRODUCTION
DIVERSITY AND TAXONOMIC HISTORY
Diversity and Taxonomic History
TARWEEDS OF THE CALIFORNIA FLORISTIC PROVINCE AND VICINITY
Endemism in the CFP
Annual Tarweeds
Spring-flowering ephemerals
Summer--fall-flowering annuals
Seed banks
Desert ephemerals
Perennial Tarweeds
Montane perennials
Coastal and riparian perennials at low elevations
Insular perennials
Defenses
Weediness
Rarity and Endangerment of Continental Tarweeds
Economic Importance of Continental Tarweeds
THE HAWAIIAN SILVERSWORD ALLIANCE
The Hawaiian Setting
Evolutionary Considerations
Overall Diversity of the Hawaiian Madiinae
Insular Woodiness
Ecophysiology
Endemism and Dispersal
Island Ages and Diversity
Ecological Diversity on Each Island
Rarity
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Related Web Resources:
Variation in Stature and Habit in the Hawaiian Madiinae
Flower and Fruit Diversity in the Hawaiian Madiinae
Ecological and Physiological Adaptations in the Hawaiian Madiinae