Plants of Hawaii Volcanoes National Park

Scientific Name Clermontia parviflora Gaud. ex A. Gray
Family Campanulaceae (bellflower family)

Other Names Oha
Status Endemic
Distribution & Habitat Wet forests of the Kohala Mountains and windward Mauna Kea and Mauna Loa between 120-1,460 m (Wagner, et al. 1990: 435).
Locations in this Guide Thurston Lava Tube, Ola`a Forest
General Appearance
This shrub grows with a candelabra type branching.  It can reach heights of 3.5 m.

The only site described in this Guide at which this species is easily found is the `Ola`a Forest.  Easily found?  There is one plant near the south-west corner of the forest outside the fence.  Park along the road just where it turns.  Look carefully for the flowers and fruit and you may be lucky enough to spot this plant.

Olaa Forest
Leaves
The leaf blades are from 6-18 cm long and 1.5 to 5.5 cm wide.

There is a fine toothed margin on the leaf blades.  The leaves have an elongated, pointed tip.

The mature leaves are dark green above and pale green below.  Developing leaves may be purple.

Olaa Forest
Flowers & Fruits
Look closely at the flowers.  They have a wonderful shape for bird pollinators.  

The petals are green, purple or white on the outside and white or pale purple on the inside.

This is one of the smaller of the Clermontia flowers (Carlquist 1980: 240) as they only get to a size of 28 mm long and 5 mm wide. 

Olaa Forest
Olaa Forest Olaa Forest
Olaa Forest Olaa Forest
The fruits look like miniature pumpkins when they are ripe.  They are yellow to orange berries.  The have small ribs.

The fruit are up to 25 mm in diameter.

Olaa Forest

Olaa Forest

Olaa Forest
Phenology Fruits are most abundant in the Fall (Stone and Pratt 1994: 192).
Olaa Forest A few small flowers, no fruit. 5/6/01
Olaa Forest One flower open. 6/2/01
Thurston Lava Tube Many open flowers, some developing fruit but none ripe. 6/10/01
Thurston Lava Tube Many well developed fruit, a few still green. 8/4/01
Natural History C. parviflora hybridizes freely with other Clermontia species with which it is sympatric.
Conservation This lobeliod species is very susceptible to feral ungulate browsing and habitat alteration.  It can be found growing both as a terrestrial shrub and as an epiphyte.  If only epiphytic plants are found in a given area, the chances are very good that there are a lot of pigs going after the vegetation in the area.
Miscellaneous Photos
Other Notes The lobeliods are an endemic group of about 100 species. They make up about 10% of Hawaii's native flora.

References Wagner, Warren, Derral Herbst and S. H. Sohmer 1990. Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawai`i. University of Hawaii Press.
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Last Updated: 08/05/03