The following publication modules have been developed to be used as elements of courses, laboratory exercises, and individual training in ethnobotany theory, methods, history and hypotheses. These are produced as discussions of single articles or book chapters as they are available for fair use distribution for teaching . In many cases several articles should be linked to form a cohesive discussion of a topic and because of this the order in which they are viewed may be important.
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Publications
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A
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Abbott, I. 1992. La'au Hawai'i: Traditional Hawaiian Uses Of Plants. Bishop Museum Press, Honolulu. |
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ADAB (Australian Development Assistance Bureau). 1986. A review of the hardwood plantation reforestation subsector in Fiji. Australian Development Assistance Bureau, Canberra. |
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Alcorn, J.B. 1989. Process as resource: The traditional agricultural ideology of Bora and Huastec resource management and its implications for research. Pp 63-77 in Resource management in Amazonia. Advances in Economic Botany 7. Edited by D.A. Posey & W. Balee, The New York Botanical Garden, New York. |
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Alexiades, M.N. 1996. Editor of Selected Guidelines for Ethnobotanical Research: A field manual. The New York Botanical Garden, New York. |
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Alexiades, M.N. 1996. Collecting ethnobotanical data: An introduction to basic concepts and techniques. Pp. 53-94 in Selected Guidelines for Ethnobotanical Research: A field manual. Edited by M.N. Alexiades. The New York Botanical Garden, New York. |
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Altieri, M.A. & M.K. Anderson. 1986. An ecological basis for the development of alternative agricultural systems for small farmers in the Third World. Alternative Agriculture 1:30-38. |
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Anand, M. & Brian C. Tucker. 2003. Defining biocomplexity: An ecological perspective. Comments on Theoretical Biology 8:497-510. |
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Anderson, Edgar. 1952 (1967, 1997). Plants, Man and Life. Little Brown and Company, Boston. |
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Atran, Scott. 1990. Cognitive Foundations of Natural History. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. |
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Atran, Scott, Douglas Medin & Norbert Ross. 2004. Evolution and Devolution of Knowledge: A Tale of Two Biologies. Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute. 10:395-420. |
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Balick, M.J., E. Elisabetsky, & S.A. Laird. 1996. Editors of Medicinal Resources of the Tropical Forest: Biodiversity and its importance to human health. Columbia University Press, New York. |
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Balick, M.J. & P.A. Cox. 1996. Plants, People, and Culture: The Science of Ethnobotany. Scientific American, New York. |
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Bankes, Steven C. 2002. Agent-based modeling: A revolution? Proceedings of the National Academy of Science 99:7199-7200. |
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Barrau, J. 1958. Subsistence Agriculture in Melanesia. Bulletin 219, Bernice P. Bishop Museum, Honolulu. |
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Barrau, J. 1961. Subsistence Agriculture in Polynesia and Micronesia. Bulletin 223, Bernice P. Bishop Museum, Honolulu. |
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Bennett, J. 1976. The Ecological Transition: Cultural Anthropology and Human Adaptation. Pergamon Press, New York. |
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Berkes, F. 1989. Editor of Common Property Resources: Ecology and Community-Based Sustainable Development. Belhaven Press, London:. |
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Berkes, Fikres 1999. Sacred Ecology: Traditional Ecological Knowledge and Resource Management. Taylor and Francis, Ann Arbor, Michigan. |
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Berkes, F., D. Feeny, B.J. McCay, & J.M. Acheson. 1989. The benefits of the commons. Nature 340-91-93. |
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Berlin, B. 1992. Ethnobiological Classification: Principles of Categorization of Plants and Animals in Traditional Societies. Princeton University Press, New Jersey. |
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Bernard, H.R. 1994. Research Methods in Anthropology: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches. 2nd Edition. Sage Publications, London. |
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Bernard, H.R. 2002. Research Methods in Anthropology: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches. 3rd Edition. AltaMira Press, Walnut Creek, CA. |
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Bridges, K. & W. McClatchey. 2005. Complementing PABITRA High-Island Studies by Examining Terrestrial Plant Diversity in Atolls. Pacific Science 59:261-272. |
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Browner, C.H., B.R.O de
Montellano & A.J. Rubel. 1988. A
methodology for cross-cultural
ethnomedical research. Current
Anthropology 29:681-702 |
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Bye, R.A. & E. Linares. 1983. The role of plants found in Mexican markets and their importance in ethnobotanical studies. Journal of Ethnobiology 3:1-13. |
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Caesar, D.M. 1993. Home gardens: Models of sustainable agriculture. The Cultivar 11:9-11. |
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Campbell, B.M. & M.K. Luckert. 2002. Editors of Uncovering the Hidden Harvest: Valuation Methods for Woodland and Forest Resources. Earthscan Publications Ltd, London. |
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Colchester, Marcus. 2004. Conservation Policy and Indigenous People. Cultural Survival Quarterly Spring 2004:17-22. |
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Colding, J. & C. Folke. 1997. The Relation among Threatened Species their Protection and Taboos. Conservation Ecology 1:6. |
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Coley, John, Douglas Medin, Julia Proffitt, Elizabeth Lynch & Scott Atran. 1999. Inductive Reasoning in Folkbiological Thought. Pp 205-231 in Folkbiology. Edited by Douglas Medin and Scott Atran. MIT Press, Cambridge. |
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Conklin, H.C. 1954. An Ethnoecological Approach to Shifting Agriculture. Transactions of the New York Academy of Sciences Series II 17:133-142. |
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Conklin, H.C. 1963. The Study of Shifting Cultivation. Studies and Monographs VI. Union Panamericana. |
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Connolly, B. & R. Anderson. 1988. First Contact. Penguin, New York. |
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Corner, E. J. H. 1964. The Life of Plants. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL. |
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Costanza, R., R. d‘Arge, R. de Groot, S. Farberk, M. Grasso, B. Hannon, K. Limburg, S. Naeem, R. V. O‘Neill, J. Paruelo, R. Raskin, P. Sutton, & M. van den. 1997. The Value of the World‘s Ecosystem Services and Natural Capital. Nature 387: 253-260. |
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Cotton, C.M. 1996. Ethnobotany: Principles and Applications. John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, England. |
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Cox, P.A. & T. Elmqvist. 1991. Indigenous control of tropical rainforest reserves: An alternative strategy for conservation. Ambio 20:317-321. |
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Cox, P.A. & T. Elmqvist. 1993. Ecocolonialism and indigenous knowledge systems: Village controlled rainforest preserves in Samoa. Pacific Conservation Biology 1:11-25. |
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Crosby, A. W. 1986 (1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992). Ecological Imperialism: The Biological Expansion of Europe 900-1900. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. |
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Cunningham, A.B. 2001. Applied Ethnobotany: People, wild plant use and conservation. EarthScan, London. |
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Cunningham, A.B. 1996. Professional ethics and ethnobotanical research. Pp. 19-51 in Selected Guidelines for Ethnobotanical Research: A Field Manual. Edited by M.N. Alexiades. The New York Botanical Garden Press, New York. |
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Daily, G.C. 1987. Editor of
Natures Services: Societal
dependence on natural ecosystems.
Island Press, Washington, D.C. |
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Davis, S.H. 1990. Indigenous Views of Land and the Environment. World Bank Discussion Papers, No. 188. The World Bank, Washington, D.C.
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Davis,
A & J.R. Wagner. 2004. Who
Knows? On the importance of
identifying “experts” when
researching local ecological
knowledge. Human Ecology
31:463-489. |
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Davis, W. 1996. One River: Explorations and Discoveries in the Amazon Rain Forest. Simon & Schuster, New York. |
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Diamond, Jared. 1997. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies. Norton, New York. |
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Dickenson, J.C. 1972. Alternatives to monoculture in the humid tropicas of Latin America. The Professional Geographer 24:August 1972. |
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Dupre, John. 1999. Are Whales Fish? Pp 461-475 in Folkbiology. Edited by Douglas Medin and Scott Atran. MIT Press, Cambridge. |
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Engels, R. J. 1993. Special overview. The role of ethics, culture, and religion in conserving biodiversity: A blueprint for research and action. Pp. 183-214 in Ethics, Religion and Biodiversity. Edited by L.S. Hamilton, L. S. The White Horse Press, Cambridge, U.K.
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Etkin, N.L. 1993. Anthropological methods in ethnopharmacology. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 38:93-104. |
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Etkin, N.J. 1994. Editor of Eating on the Wild Side. University of Arizona Press,
Tucson. |
F
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Farrington, I.S. 1985. Editor of Prehistoric Intensive Agriculture in the Tropics, Part 2. BAR International Series 232.
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Fernandes, E.C.M. & P.K.R. Nair. 1986. An evaluation of the structure and function of tropical homegardens. International Council for Research in Agroforestry (ICRAF) Working Paper No. 38, Nairobi, Kenya. |
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Ford, R.J. 1994. Preface. Pp. viii-xxxii in The Nature and Status of Ethnobotany. Anthropological Papers, Museum of Anthropology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI. |
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Ford, R.J. 1994. Ethnobotany: Historical diversity and synthesis. Pp. 33-49 in The Nature and Status of Ethnobotany. Edited by R.J. Ford. Anthropological Papers, Museum of Anthropology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI. |
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Fosberg, R. 1963. Editor of Man's Place in the Island Ecosystem. B. P. Bishop Museum, Honolulu. |
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Frigg, R. 2003. Self-organized criticality - what it is and what it isn't. Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 34:613-632. |
G
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Gliessman, S.R. 1990. Editor of Agroecology: Researching the Ecological Basis for Sustainable Agriculture. Springer-Verlag, New York. |
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Gliessman, S.R. n.d. Resource management in traditional tropical agroecosystems in Southeast Mexico. Agricultural Sustainability in a Changing World Order. |
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Gliessman, S.R. 1988. The home garden agroecosystem: A model for developing sustainable tropical agricultural systems. Pp. 445-449 in Global Perspectives on Agroecology and Sustainable Agricultural Systems: Proceedings of the Sixth International Scientific Conference of the International Federation of Organic Agricultural Movements, Volume 2. Regents of the University of California, Santa Cruz, CA. |
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Gollin, L.X. 2001. The Taste and Smell of Taban Kenyah (Kenyah Medicine): An Exploration of Chemosensory Selection Criteria for Medicinal Plants among the Kenyah Leppo’ke of East Kalimantan, Borneo, Indonesia. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Hawai‘i at Manoa, Honolulu. |
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Gollin, L.X. 2004. Subtle and profound sensory attributes of medicinal plants among the Kenya Leppo’ke of East Kalimantan, Borneo. Journal of Ethnobiology 24:173-201. |
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Gould, P. 1963. Man Against His Environment; A Game Theoretic Framework. Annals of the Association of American Geographers 53:290-297. |
H
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Hardin, G. 1968. The Tragedy of the commons. Science 162: 1243-1248. |
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Harris, D.R. & G.C. Hillman. 1989. Editors of Foraging and Farming: The evolution of plant exploitation. Unwin Hyman, London. |
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Heiser, C. B., Jr. 1990. Seed to Civilization - The Story of Food. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA. |
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Hoffman, A. 1983. LSD: My Problem Child. Putnam Publishing Group, New York. |
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Hough, W. 1897. The Hopi in their relation to plant environment. American Anthroplogist 20:2. |
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Hunn, Eugene. 1999. Size Limiting the Recognition of Biodiversity in Folk biological Classifications: One of Four Factors Governing the Cultural Recognition of Biological Taxa. pp 47-69 in Folkbiology. Edited by Douglas Medin and Scott Atran. MIT Press, Cambridge. |
I
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J
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Johns, T. 1990. With Bitter Herbs they shall eat it: Chemical Ecology and the Origins of Human Diet and Medicine. University of Arizona Press, Tucson, Arizona. |
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Juvik, S. 1993. Christian Denominational influences on attitudes towards resources development: Marovo Lagoon, Solomon Islands. Pp. 147-174 in Ethics, Religion and Biodiversity. Edited by L.S. Hamilton. The White Horse Press, Cambridge, U.K. |
K
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Kauffman Stuart A. 1989. Principles of adaptation in complex systems. In Lectures in Sciences of Complexity, SFI Studies in the Sciences of Complexity, Ed. Stein, D. Addison-Wesley Longman. |
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Keil, Frank, Daniel Levin, Bethany Richman & Grant Gutheil. 1999 Mechanism and Explanation in the Development of Biological Thought: The Case of Disease. Pp 285-319 in Folkbiology. Edited by Douglas Medin and Scott Atran. MIT Press, Cambridge. |
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Krieg, M. G. 1964. Green Medicine. Rand McNally, New York. |
L
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Laird, S.A. 2002. Editor of Biodiversity and Traditional Knowledge: Equitable Partnerships in Practice. Earthscan Publications Ltd, London. |
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Landauer, K. & M. Brazil. 1985. Editors of Tropical Home Gardens. Selected papers from and interview workshop held at the Institute of Ecology, Padjadjaran University, Bandung, Indonesia, December 2-9. |
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Larter, R., M.G. Craig, & R. Tinsley. 2003. Continuing emergence in living systems. Advances in Complex Systems 6:93-114. |
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Lewis, W.H. & M.P.F. Elvin-Lewis. 1977. Medical Botany: Plants Affecting Man's Health. John Wiley & Sons, New York. |
M
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MacArthur, R. H. & E. O. Wilson. 1967. The Theory of Island Biogeography. Princeton University Press, New Jersey. |
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MacKay, Fergus & Emily Caruso. 2004. Indigenous Lands or National Parks? Cultural Survival Quarterly Spring 2004:14-16. |
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Majnep, Ian Saem with Andrew Pawley. 2001. On the Value of Ecological Knowledge to the Kalam of Papua New Guinea: An Insider's View. pp 343-357 in On Biocultural Diversity: Linking Language, Knowledge, and the Environment. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington DC. |
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Martin, G.J. 1995. Ethnobotany: A methods manual. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. |
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Martin, G.J. 1998. Editorial. in Measuring Diversity: Methods of assessing biological resources and local knowledge. People and Plants, Handbook 4. Edited by G.J. Martin, A.L. Hoare & A.L. Agama, December 1998. |
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McClatchey, W. 2006. Improving Quality of International Ethnobotany Research and Publications. Ethnobotany Research and Applications 4:1-9. |
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McClatchey, W. & Lisa X. Gollin. 2005. Preliminary Ethnobotanical Studies in Two Communities at Analalava, Madagascar. Ethnobotany Research and Applications 3:399-418. |
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McClatchey, W. & K. Winter. 2005. Publication of Ethnobotanical Research in Local Languages. Ethnobotany Research and Applications 3:279-282. |
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McClatchey, W. 2005. Bioprospecting and Ethnobotany Research. Ethnobotany Research and Applications 3:189-190. |
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McClatchey, W. 2005. What is Real Community Based Conservation? Ravintsara 3(2):3-4. |
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McClatchey, W. 2005. Invention and Re-Invention of Knowledge. Ethnobotany Research and Applications 3:109-111. |
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McClatchey, W. 2005. Exorcizing Misleading Terms from Ethnobotany. Ethnobotany Research and Applications 3:1-4. |
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McClatchey, W. M.Q. Sirikolo, H. Boe, E. Biliki, & F. Votboc. 2005. A Proposal for PABITRA Study Area on Lauru Island, Western Solomon Islands. Pacific Science 59:213-240. |
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McClatchey, W, Harley Manner & Craig R. Elevitch. 2004. Metroxylon amicarium, M. paulcoxii, M. sagu, M. salomonense, M. vitiense, and M. warburgii (sago palms). Pp 1-23 in Species Profiles for Pacific Island Agroforestry. November 2004. Permanent Agricultural Resources, Honolulu, Hawai‘i. |
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McClatchey, W., Randy Thaman & Sonia Juvik. 2004. Ethnobiodiversity Surveys of Human/Ecosystem Relationships. Pp. 159-196 in Biodiversity Assessment of Tropical Island Ecosystems. Edited by Dieter Mueller Dombois, Kim Bridges, and Curt Daehler, University of Hawaii, Honolulu. |
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McClatchey, W. 2004. Techniques for Collection of Plants Specimens and Associated Records. In PABITRA Research Protocol Manual edited by Dieter Mueller Dombois, Kim Bridges, and Curt Daehler, University of Hawaii, Honolulu. |
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McClatchey, W. 2004. Cultural Interactions with Palms in the Tropical Pacific Region. Palms & Cycads 85:26-30. |
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McClatchey, W. & M. Thomas. 2003. Why Launch a New Journal? Editorial in Ethnobotany Research and Applications 1:1-3. |
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McClatchey, W. 2003. Diversity of Growth Forms and Uses in the Morinda citrifolia L. Complex. Pp. 5-10 in Proceedings of the 2002 Hawai‘i Noni Conference. Edited by Scot C. Nelson, University of Hawai‘i College of Tropical Agriculture, Honolulu. |
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McClatchey, W. 2002. Biogeographical Observation of Metroxylon Section Coelococcus. Pp. 119-126 in New Frontiers of Sago Palm Studies Proceedings of the International Symposium on SAGO (SAGO 2001) A New Bridge Linking South and North, Frontiers in Science Series No. 37 Edited by K. Kainuma, M. Okazaki, Y. Toyoda, & John E. Cecil. Universal Academy Press, Inc. Tokyo. |
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McClatchey, W. 2002. From Polynesian Healers to Health Food Stores: Changing Ethnopharmacology of Morinda citrifolia. Journal of Integrative Cancer Therapy. 1(2): 110-120. |
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McClatchey, W. & Valerie McClatchey. n.d. One-way bridges: Ethical dilemmas faced by Polynesian healers who share their knowledge. In Building Bridges with Traditional Knowledge: An Exploration of Issues Involving Indigenous peoples, Conservation, Development and Ethnoscience. Edited by Alexandra Paul and Charles Peters. New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY, in press. |
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McClatchey, W. & Jodi Stevens. 2001. An Overview of Recent Developments in Bioprospecting and Pharmaceutical Development. Pp 17-45 in Development of Plant-Based Medicines: Conservation, Efficacy and Safety Edited by Praveen K. Saxena, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrcht, The Netherlands. |
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McClatchey, W. 2000. The History of Bananas and Plantains. Pp 175-180 in The Cambridge World History of Food Vol. I edited by K.F. Kiple & K.C. Ornelas,. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. |
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McClatchey W., Jon Mozena, Myknee Sirikolo, Jodi Stevens, Michael Wysong, & Piet Lincoln. 2000. Editors of Ririo - English Dictionary with Babatana equivalents, ethnobiological terminologies, and scientific names by Harry Truman Boe, Edison Biliki, Edwin Kaboke, Martin Love, Ester Nalatüti, Isaiah Poloso, Monica Qilazuka, Jonathan Takubala, & Frederick Vot’boc. University of New South Wales, Sydney. |
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McClatchey, W., Randy Thaman, & Saula Vodonaivalu. 2000. A Preliminary Checklist of the Flora of Rotuma with Rotuman Names. Pacific Science 54:345-363. |
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McClatchey, W. & Jodi Stevens. 2000. How a Seacology Project is Born: Tales from the Solomon Islands. Seacology Fall 2000. |
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McClatchey, W., Alexandra Paul, Trish Flaster, & Valerie McClatchey. 1999. An Evaluation of Educational Trends in Economic Botany. Centre for International Ethnomedicinal Education and Research: Ethnobotany Educational Publication Series 1:1-21. |
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McClatchey, W. 1999. Introductory Ethnobotany. Kendall-Hunt Publishing, Dubuque, Iowa, 98 pp. |
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McClatchey, W. 1999. Introductory Ethnobotany Laboratory Manual. Kendall-Hunt Publishing, Dubuque, Iowa, 86 pp. |
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McClatchey, Will 1999. In the classroom: suggested elements of economic and ethnobotany courses and programs of study. Society for Economic Botany Newsletter 13:5-7. |
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McClatchey, W. 1998. Phylogenetic Analysis of Morphological Characters of Metroxylon Section Coelococcus (Palmae) and Resulting Implications for Studies of Other Calamoideae Genera. Pp. 285-306 in Evolution, Variation, and Classification of Palms. Edited by Andrew Henderson. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden. |
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McClatchey, Will. 1998. A New Species of the Genus Metroxylon (Arecaceae) from Western Samoa. Novon 8:252-258. |
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McClatchey, W. 1996. The Ethnopharmacopoeia of Rotuma. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 50:147-156. |
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McClatchey, W. 1996. A revision of the genus Metroxylon section Coelococcus (Arecaceae). Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida. |
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McClatchey, W. 1993. The Traditional Medicinal System and Ethnopharmacopoeia of Rotuma. Masters Thesis. Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah. |
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McClatchey, W. 1993. Traditional use of Curcuma longa (Zingiberaceae) in Rotuma. Economic Botany 47:291-296. |
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McClatchey, W & Paul A. Cox. 1992. Use of the Sago Palm Metroxylon warburgii in the Polynesian Island, Rotuma. Economic Botany 46:305-309. |
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McNeill, J. R. 1994. Of Rats and Men. Journal of World History 5:299-349. |
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Mead, Aroha. 2004. He Paua, He Korowai, Me Nga Waahi Tapu. A Shellfish, A Woven Cloak, and Sacred Places: Maori and Protected Areas. Cultural Survival Quarterly Spring 2004:61-64. |
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Mosha, R. Sambuli. 1999. The Inseparable Link Between Intellectual and Spiritual Formation in Indigenous Knowledge and Education: A Case Study in Tanzania. Pp 209-226 in What is Indigenous Knowledge? Voices from the Academy. Falmer Press, New York. |
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Mountjoy, D.C. & S.R. Gliessman. 1988. Traditional management of a hillside agroecosystem in Tlazcala, Mexico: An ecologically based maintenance system. American Journal of Alternative Agriculture 3:3-10. |
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Nabhan, Gary P. 1982. The Desert Smells Like Rain: A Naturalist in Papago Indian Country. North Point Press, Tucson. |
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Nabhan, Gary P. 1987. Gathering the Desert. Arizona State University Press, Tempe. |
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Nabhan, Gary P. 1989. Enduring Seeds. North Point Press, San Francisco. |
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Nabhan, Gary P. 2001. Cultural Perceptions of Ecological Interactions: An "Endangered People's" Contribution to the Conservation of Biological and Linguistic Diversity. Pp. 145-156 in On Biocultural Diversity: Linking Language, Knowledge, and the Environment. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington DC. |
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Nagle, Dale G., W. McClatchey & William H. Gerwick. 1992. New Glycosphingolipids from the Marine Sponge, Halichondria panicea. Journal of Natural Products 55:1013-1017. |
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Nazarea, V.D. 1998. Cultural
Memory and Biodiversity. The
University of Arizona Press, Tucson. |
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Nettle, Daniel & Suzanne Romaine. 2000. Vanishing Voices: The Extinction of the World's Languages. Oxford University Press, Oxford. |
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Nguyen, M.T. 2005. Cultivated plant collections from markets. Ethnobotany Research and Applications 3:5-15. |
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N'Yeurt, Antoine D.R., Will McClatchey, & Hans Schmidt. 1996. A Bibliography of the Island of Rotuma. South Pacific Marine Studies Technical Publication, Suva, Fiji. |
O
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O'Fallon LR, Dearry A., 2002. Community-Based Participatory Research as a Tool to Advance Environmental Health Sciences. Environmental Health Perspective 110(S2):155-159.
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Oomen, H.A.P.C. 1971. Ecology of Human Nutrition in New Guinea: Evaluation of Subsistence Patterns. Ecology of Food and Nutrition 1:1-16. |
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Padoch, C. & W. de Jong. 1991. The house gardens of Santa Rosa: Diversity and variability in an Amazonian agricultural system. Economic Botany 45:1166-1175.
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Padoch, C. & C. Peters. 1993. Managed forest gardens in West Kalimantan, Indonesia. Pp. 167-176 in Perspectives on Biodiversity: Case studies of genetic resource conservation and development. Edited by C.S. Potter, J.I. Cohen & D. Janczewski. AAAS Press, Washington, D.C. |
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Panoff, F. 1972. A study of Maenge relationships to domesticates. Ph.D. Dissertation, Australian National University, Camberra. |
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Pearce, D.W. 1993. Economic Values and the Natural World. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA. |
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Peters, C.M.
1996. Beyond nomenclature and use: A
review of ecological methods for
ethnobotanists. Pp. 241-276 in Selected Guidelines for Ethnobotanical Research: A Field Manual. Edited by M.N. Alexiades. The New York Botanical Garden Press, New York. |
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Peters, C.M., A.H. Gentry & R.O. Mendelsohn. 1989. Valuation of an Amazonian rainforest. Nature 339:655-656. |
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Phillips, O.L. 1996. Some quantitative methods for analyzing ethnobotanical knowledge. Pp. 171-197 in Selected Guidelines for Ethnobotanical Research: A Field Manual. Edited by M.N. Alexiades. The New York Botanical Garden Press, New York. |
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Phillips, O.L., A.H. Gentry, C. Reynel, P. Wilkin, & C. Galvez-Durand. 1994. Quantitative ethnobotany and Amazonian conservation. Conservation Biology *:225-248. |
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Pinedo-Vasquez, M., D. Zarin, P. Jipp, & J. Chota-Inuma. 1990. Use-values of tree species in a communal forest reserve in Northeat Peru. Conservation Biology 4:405-416. |
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Poepoe, Kelson, Paul Bartram & Alan Friedlander. The Usage of Traditional Hawaiian Knowledge in the Contemporary Management of Marine Resources. Pp. 328-339 in Putting Fishers' Knowledge to Work. Conference proceedings. |
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Posey, D.A. 1990. Intellectual Property Rights: What is the position of ethnobiology? Journal of Ethnobiology 10:93-98. |
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Posey, D.A., A. Argumento, E. da Costa e Silva, G. Duthfield, & K. Plenderleith. 1994. Indigenous peoples, traditional technologies and equitable sharing: International instruments for the protection of community intellectual property and traditional resource rights. Oxford Centre for Environment, Ethics and Society, Oxford University, London. |
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Prance, G.T., W. Balee, B.M. Boom, & R.L. Carneiro. 1987. Quantitative ethnobotany and the case for conservation in Amazonia. Conservation Biology 1:296-310. |
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R
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Rappaport, R.A. 1968. Pigs for the Ancestors. Ritual in the Ecology of a New Guinea People. Yale University Press, New Haven. |
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Rappaport, R.A. 1971. The Flow of Energy in an Agricultural Society. Scientific American. |
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Reid, W.V., S.A. Laird, C.A. Meyer, R. Gamez, A. Sittenfeld, D. Janzen, M.A. Gollin, & C. Juma. 1993. Editors of Biodiversity Prospecting: Using genetic resources for sustainable development. World Resources Institute, Washington, D.C. |
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Richards, P. 1995. Farmer knowledge and plant genetic resource management. In In situ conservation and sustainable use of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture in developing countries. Proceedings of DSE/ATSAF/IPGRI workshop, Edited by J.M.M. Engels. Bonn-Roettgen, Germany. DSE Feldafing & IPGRI Rome. |
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Richards, P. 1996. Agrarian creolization the ethnobiology, history, culture & politics of West African rice. In Redefining Nature Ecology, Culture and Domestication. Edited by R. Ellen & K. Fukui., Berg Press, Oxford. |
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Rico-Gray, V., J.G. Garcia-Franco, A. Chemas, & P. Sima. 1990. Species composition, similarity and structure of Mayan homegardens in Tixpeual and Tixcacaltuyub, Yucatan, Mexico. Economic Botany 44(4):470-87. |
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Ripinsky-Naxon, M. 1993. The Nature of Shamanism: Substance and Function of a Religious Metaphor. State University of New York Press, Albany, New York. |
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Ruiz-Mirazo, K. & A. Moreno. 2004. Basic autonomy as the fundamental step in the synthesis of life. Artificial Life 10:235-259. |
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Sack, R. D. 1990. The realm of meaning: the inadequacy of human-nature theory and the view of mass consumption. Pp. 659-671 in The Earth as Transformed by Human Action. Edited by Turner et al. Cambridge University Press, New York. p. 659-671.
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