INTERNATIONAL

Official publication of the International Association for Lichenology





Editors: 

H.J.M.Sipman

Bot. Garten & Bot. Museum

Königin-Luise-Strasse 6-8

D-14191 Berlin, Germany

fax: (030) 83006186

tel.: (030) 83006149

e-mail: hsipman@fub46.zedat.fu-berlin.de



M.R.D. Seaward

Department of Environmental Science

University of Bradford

Bradford  BD7 1DP, UK

fax: (274) 384231

tel.: (274) 384212

e-mail: m.r.d.seaward@uk.ac.bradford



issued from:

Bot. Garten & Bot. Museum

Königin-Luise-Strasse 6-8

D-14191 Berlin, Germany



ISSN: 0731 - 2830



The opinions expressed in the Newsletter are not necessarily those held by the 

International Association for Lichenology.



The International Lichenological Newsletter is the official organ of the 

International Association for Lichenology (IAL). It is published three times a year 

in English with selected items in French, German or Spanish. Information and 

news intended for publication should reach the editor at least one month prior 

to scheduled production (February, June and October of each year).

IAL membership is open to anyone who has an active interest in the study and 

use of lichens. The subscription is US $ 20.00 or DM. 30.00 for a four-year 

period. Subscriptions should be sent to the Treasurer or Deputy Treasurer:

H. Thorsten Lumbsch, Fachbereich 9/Botanik, Postfach 103 764, D-45141 

Essen, Germany. Please transfer the equivalent in Deutschmarks (DM 30.00) to 

the following postal giro account: 1344 59-431 at the Post Office Essen (Bank 

code 360 100 43). Cheques will not be accepted, unless they are made payable 

to DM 36, since otherwise the bank fees will overstretch the IAL budget!

North American members can send their subscriptions to:

Clifford W. Smith, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Department of Botany, 3190 

Maile Way, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA. Cheques should be made payable to 

International Association of Lichenologists.

or (for british members) to: T.H. Moxham, Mayfair House, 21 Ashgrove, 

Peasedown St. John, Bath, Avon, BA2 8EB, U.K. (subscription price £13.00)

IAL affairs are directed by an Executive Council elected during the last General 

Meeting. Council members elected at the IAL 2 symposium (Lund, Sweden, 

1992) are listed below and will serve until 1996.



IAL EXECUTIVE COUNCIL 1992-1996

President: Ingvar Kärnefelt, Department of Botany, University of Lund, Ö. 

Vallgatan 18-20, S-223 61 Lund, Sweden.

Vice-President: Jack A. Elix, Chemistry Department, Australian National 

University, P.O. Box 4, Canberra ACT 2600, Australia.

Secretary: André Aptroot, Centraalbureau voor schimmelcultures, P.O. Box 

273, NL-3740 AG Baarn, The Netherlands.

Treasurer: H. Thorsten Lumbsch, Fachbereich 9/Botanik, Postfach 103 764, 

D-45141 Essen, Germany.

Deputy Treasurer: Clifford W. Smith, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 

Department of Botany, 3190 Maile Way, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA.

Editors: H.J.M. Sipman, Bot. Garten & Bot. Museum, Königin-Luise-Strasse 6-

8, D-14191 Berlin, Germany.

 M.R.D. Seaward, Department of Environmental Science, University of Bradford, 

Bradford  BD7 1DP, UK.

Members-at-Large: Paula DePriest (Washington, USA), Gintaras Kantvilas 

(Hobart, Australia), Bruce McCune (Corvallis, USA), Wendy Nelson (Wellington, 

New Zealand), Pier-Luigi Nimis (Trieste, Italy), Sieglinde Ott (Düsseldorf, 

Germany), Tiina Randlane (Tartu, Estonia), Leopoldo Sancho (Madrid, Spain), 

Gernot Vobis (Bariloche, Argentina), Dirk Wessels (Pietersburg, South Africa), 

Hiroyuki Kashiwadani (Tsukuba, Japan).



RESEARCH NEWS & NOTES



Crittenden, Peter (Nottingham, UK) has recently returned from study leave at 

the Australian Antarctic Division (AAD), working both at Casey Station in the 

continental Antarctic and at AAD's HQ at Kingston, Tasmania. He was 

investigating nitrogen and phosphorus input to lichen communities in summer 

snow fall and the capacity for uptake by lichens from snow meltwater. Other 

news from Nottingham: Louise Turbin is near completion of her Ph.D. thesis on 

the growth and physiology of lichen-forming fungi in pure culture; Marko 

Hyvärinen is investigating the effects of acid deposition on the chemical 

composition of Cladonia portentosa in the British Isles (the first paper from this 

work will appear in the New Phytologist in early 1996); Gareth Murtagh has just 

begun work on reproductive strategies in Antarctic lichens.



Daniëls, Fred (Münster, Germany) and Vagn Alstrup spent four weeks of last 

summer in North Greenland (Kronprins Christian Land and Mylius Erichsen 

Land; ca. 80-81  N. Lat.). They studied the lichen flora and the vegetation in 

several botanically unknown localities and made comprehensive lichen and 

moss collections and many vegetation relevés.



De Vries, Bernard (Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada) spent a total of 7 days in 

August 1995 in the Caribou Mountains, an extensive (913 000 H.) elevated 

(920-1030 m) saucer-shaped plateau approximately between 58º 38' and 59º 

40' N and 114º 00' and 116º 55' W west of the 5th meridian, in the company of 

Vern Neal, who helped with the field trips, and Caribou researcher Kim Morton. 

This remote region is part of the northern Alberta uplands, and lichenologically 

poorly known. The dominant vegetation is Picea mariana/Sphagnum/Cladonia 

over peat and discontinued permafrost. An extensive peatland of the patterned 

fen or mire type is located in the northern part. The vascular as well as non-

vascular flora of this area has northern boreal and sub-arctic affinities. The 

main objective was to study woodland caribou habitats in undisturbed areas 

and on regenerated old burns, to establish their influence upon the general 

vegetation, especially the lichen flora, and on the resident woodland caribou. 

The project was realized in 3 steps: 1. fly over to estimate general vegetation 

and lichen cover of potential caribou habitat, 2. mapping of woodland caribou 

habitat, 3. in situ study of the lichen flora and associated vegetation. As part of 

an ongoing study, a compilation of a synopsis of the unique lichen flora of the 

Caribou Mountains is planned. About 140 lichen samples were collected and 10 

critical caribou habitat sites identified. 73 Lichens, 47 mosses, 12 liverworts 

and 15 vascular plants were identified as new to the Caribou Mountains. It is 

hoped that the study will support efforts towards protection of this unique 

boreal-subarctic upland plateau, which is seriously threatened by increasing 

seismic explorations and well drilling, under the international biosphere 

preserve program. It is anticipated that the results of this project will be 

published in the near future. Bernard wishes to address his sincere thanks to 

the council of Little Red River Cree Nation, its advisor Vern Neal, who made this 

all possible, and the curator of the Ledingham Herbarium. who identified the 

bryophytes.



Engels, Petra (Cologne, Germany) successfully defended her Ph.D. dissertation 

on "Relationships within the lichen family Ramalinaceae (Lecanorales) in the 

Canary Islands, under special consideration of the isoenzyme patterns" at the 

University of Cologne in June, 1995. Her supervisor was Gerhard Follmann. 

The patterns of six common enzymes (e.g., CAT, EST, SOD) in 130 samples of 

25 of the 29 Ramalinaceae known from the Canary Islands have been analyzed 

by isoelectric focusing and compared with all other biosystematic markers 

available like spore measures or secondary compounds, including substrate 

nature, altitudinal distribution, etc. An evaluation of the results by numerical 

dendrograms shows that the representatives of Fistulariella, Niebla and 

Ramalina s.str. form individual clusters, confirming the disputed independence 

of these genera. Moreover, the observations suggest that the variable Ramalina 

decipiens group represents a separate genus as well. New combinations are 

proposed under Niebla, and the essential  characteristics and interrelations of 

the taxa studied are summarized in several synoptic tables. An overview of the 

most important results of this dissertation will be published in the near future.



Follmann, Gerhard (Cologne, Germany) visited North Australia (mainly 

Northern Territories and Queensland) during the last South Hemispheric 

winter. The main purpose of this field trip was to study the colonization of 

mangroves by Roccellaceae, which are locally not as scarce as could be 

expected from the few notes in the floristic literature. Particularly interesting 

finds have been made on the islands in, and along the coast of, the Gulf of 

Carpentaria (e.g., Sir Edward Pellew Group, new species of Roccella). In 

addition, the lichen flora and vegetation of inselbergs which rise above the 

uniform monsoon forest (e.g., in Arnhem Land) have been explored, especially 

in comparison with current work on lichens of inselbergs in tropical Africa 

performed by Uwe Becker (Botanical Institute, University of Cologne). The 

selected collections brought home have been prepared and are now stored at 

KOELN.



Kalb, Klaus (Neumarkt, Germany) has returned from a 7-week field trip in 

Australia, where he visited Western Australia, Northern Territory (Keep River 

National Park, Gregory NP and Kakadu NP), Queensland, New South Wales and 

ACT. He was splendidly supported by his Australian colleagues Nathan Sammy, 

Rod and Yvonne Rogers, Jack and Joan Elix and Gintaras Kantvilas, for which 

he is very grateful. His research team at Regensburg University is in full 

activity. Over the past year Bernhard Marbach has been preparing a world 

monograph of (sub)tropical corticolous Buellia and has just returned from a 

collecting trip to South America, where he cooperated with Marcelo Marcelli and 

Mariana Fleig (Brazil), Hector Osorio (Uruguay), Nora Scutari, Monica Adler, 

Cecilia Estrabou, Verónica Fernández, Lia Garcia, Gernot Vobis and Maria 

Messuti (Argentina). He is very grateful for their support. In addition he visited 

Peru. Bettina Staiger's completed monograph of Haematomma has been 

published as Bibliotheca Lichenologica 59. She has now begun a revision of the 

family Graphidaceae as her Ph.D. thesis and is investigating all type species of 

over 50 genera. Irene Nätebusch has completed a study of Pertusaria. She 

intends to reintroduce some previously recognized genera, since she has found 

additional characters to support these. Manuela Götz has begun a worldwide 

revision of the genus Punctelia sensu lat., with special emphasis on chemistry, 

discovering new substances for the genus, with the kind help of Jack Elix.



Khodosovtsev, Alexander (Kherson, Ukraine) briefly visited Trieste University 

in February 1996 thanks to the kind and generous help of Prof. Dr. P.-L. Nimis. 

He had a marvellous opportunity to work on some publications to clarify the 

taxonomical position of many Ukrainian lichens in the herbarium and to 

consult recent lichenological literature lacking in the Ukraine. He sincerely 

thanks Prof. P.-L. Nimis for his warm welcome and hospitality, for excellent 

excursions around Venice, and for very interesting meetings with M. Matzer in 

Trieste and G. Rambold in Venice. He also thanks Mauro Tretiach for hospitality 

and interesting discussions on Sonoran desert lichens and for an opportunity to 

take part in the carnival in Trieste.



Kondratyuk, Sergey (Kiev, Ukraine) spent four months in LD thanks to the 

kind help of Dr. I. Kärnefelt, studying Xanthoria and some Teloschistes species 

from the whole world (except North America), and continuing his study of 

lichenicolous fungi associated with Teloschistaceae and Lobariaceae. He is very 

grateful to the many colleagues and curators who helped him with material and 

in many other ways, especially Profs. D. L. Hawksworth, T. Ahti, J. Elix and R. 

Santesson, Drs. D. Galloway, B. J. Coppins, E. Sérusiaux, V. Alstrup, O. 

Vitikainen, H. Sipman, R. Moberg, K. Ammann, P. Clerc and Mrs. B. H. 

Macmillan. The generous help and warm hospitality of Dr. E. I. Kärnefelt and 

Dr. U. Söchting during his stay in Lund and Copenhagen were particularly 

appreciated, as was the great help provided by the staff members of the 

Botanical Museum and the Department of Systematic Botany in Lund and the 

Department of Mycology and the Botanical Museum in Copenhagen. He is 

grateful to the Swedish Institute for financial support and is much obliged to 

Prof. P.-L. Nimis for support of Ukrainian lichenologists in many respects.



Lindblom, Louise (Lund, Sweden) is continuing the revision of the North 

American species of Xanthoria. In August 1995 she made a field trip to coastal 

regions of New England, New Brunswick and Nova Scotia. She is very grateful 

to Jim and Pat Hinds for kindly inviting her to their home in Maine.



Lumbsch, Thorsten (Essen, Germany) has received a "Habilitandenstipendium" 

from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) to prepare his habilitation 

on "Systematische Untersuchungen an ausgewählten Gruppen der Lecanorales 

und Pertusariales". His project will concentrate on ascoma development, ascus 

structure and other anatomical characters in the Agyriineae, Pertusariales and 

the centre of the Lecanorales (Candelariaceae, Lecanoraceae, Parmeliaceae). In 

addition, he will continue his studies on the genus Lecanora. In cooperation 

with Jack Elix he is compiling a treatment on Lecanora in Australia for the 

Flora of Australia project and with Roland Guderley he started to work on 

neotropical species for the Flora Neotropica project. Any material for 

examination is always appreciated.



Peine, Jörg (Cologne, Germany) successfully defended his doctoral thesis 

entitled "Biosystematic studies on the representatives of the lichen genus 

Roccella DC (Roccellaceae, Opegraphales) found on the Canary islands, under 

special consideration of protein banding patterns" in June, 1995. For many 

years Jörg acted as collegiate and scientific assistant of Gerhard Follmann 

(Cologne). His dissertation is a detailed and critical analysis of all available 

biosystematical characters, from gross morphology to micromolecular 

chemistry, including chorological and ecological data. Various new chemotypes 

have been identified, and according to modern concepts 14 well defined species 

are accepted, some of which are highly endangered. Contrary to former 

assumptions, true Roccella tinctoria has not been detected on any of the 

islands. The Roccella population of the Canary Islands clearly represents two 

evolutionary lines, a view corroborated by the protein banding patterns. A key 

for the identification of Central Macaronesian Roccella taxa replaces older, 

partly impracticable ones. An overview of the most important results of this 

dissertation will be published in the near future.



Sipman, Harrie (Berlin, Germany) returned from a five-week field trip to Papua 

New Guinea in October-November 1995, together with André Aptroot (The 

Netherlands), Peter Lambley (UK) and Emmanuel Sérusiaux (Belgium). They 

collected additional material for planned lichen treatments for New Guinea. 

After a trip in 1992, where the Highlands near Mount Wilhelm and various 

lowland sites in Madang province were inventoried, an upland area in the Owen 

Stanley Range and lowland areas adjacent to Mount Wilhelm were visited. The 

fieldwork has brought the number of available lichen collections from New 

Guinea up to well over 10.000, including many crusts. Treatments of several 

groups are in progress, and people interested in revising additional groups are 

very welcome to contact us. A field trip to Guyana, originally scheduled for 

September last year, took place in February. It concerned an expedition 

organized by Paula Depriest from the Smithsonian Institution in Washington; 

further participants included Ted Ahti and Robert Lücking.



Tehler, Anders (Stockholm, Sweden) has succeeded Nils Lundquist as the 

professor in cryptogamic botany at Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet. He is now in 

charge of the herbaria of lichens, fungi, algae, mosses and ferns. His new 

address, fax, email and phone are: Anders Tehler, Professor, (Head of 

Department), Sektionen för Kryptogambotanik, Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet, 

Box 50007, S-104 05 Stockholm, Sweden, Fax  +46-8-666-4221; E-mail: 

anders.tehler@nrm.se; Tel. +46-8-666-4160.



Werner, Birgit C. (Cologne, Germany) finished her MSc thesis entitled 

"Differentiation of the lichen genus Roccella (Roccellaceae, Opegraphales) on the 

Galápagos Islands", conducted under the guidance of Gerhard Follmann. This 

extensive study is based mainly on the large collections made on the Galapagos 

islands by W. A. Weber (COLO), L. Sánchez-Pinto (TFMC), and G. Follmann 

(KOELN), supplemented the author's own gatherings. The most common 

corticolous species, Roccella babingtonii, does not show any noteworthy 

chemical, morphological, or ecological differences on the single islands of the 

archipelago. On the contrary, the saxicolous Roccella portentosa sp. coll. 

experienced marked alterations due to adaptive radiation. By the application of 

various classical and modern methods, nine well defined monophyletic 

schizoendemics have been distinguished, which occupy distinct ecological 

niches on different islands. Hitherto, except for Roccella galapagoensis sp. coll. 

no formal descriptions of these have been prepared, a task which will be carried 

out with the supervisor after a cladistical analysis of the entire genus.



Mikhail Zhurbenko (St.Petersburg, Russia) has finished a list of lichens and 

lichenicolous fungi of the northern Krasnoyarsk Territory (660 and 61 taxa, 

respectively). It is the first compilation of this sort for northern Central Siberia, 

and will be published soon in Mycotaxon). The work has taken great advantage 

from opportunities to work in the Herbaria of the Universities of Helsinki, Graz, 

Copenhagen and Uppsala, and from help of many colleagues. In this connection 

he would like to express his special thanks to Rolf Santesson, Roland Moberg, 

Leif Tibell, Teuvo Ahti, Ulrik Søchting, Eric S. Hansen, Helmut Mayrhofer, Josef 

Hafellner, and particularly the late Josef Poelt. In the meantime he continues 

his studies on lichens and lichenicolous fungi of the Taimyr, as part of a 

Russian-German cooperative project for a multidisciplinary investigation of the 

territory under the leadership of the Alfred Wegener Institute in Germany and 

the Arctic & Antarctic Research Institute in Petersburg. Interested colleagues 

are welcome to take part in studies of this still very fragmentarily known 

territory. His new e-mail address is: kovalenko@glas.apc.org.



REQUESTS



Galun Margalith (Tel Aviv, Israel) would be grateful for a culture of Nostoc that 

was isolated from the cephalodia of Peltigera aphthosa. Dept. of Botany, 

Symbiosis Research Laboratory, Tel-Aviv University Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel.



IAL 3 - PROGRESS AND PROBLEMS IN LICHENOLOGY IN THE NINETIES



The second and final circular of this symposium, to be held from 1-7 September 

in Salzburg, Austria, has now been sent out.

All members of IAL should have received a copy by now. If you wish to have one, 

please contact: Lichen Symposium IAL 3, Dr. Roman Türk, Institute of Plant 

Physiology, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstrasse 34, A-5020 Salzburg, 

Austria. Tel.: +43 662 8044 5588; fax: +43 662 8044 619. E-mail: 

roman.tuerk@sbg.ac.at. It is also available on INTERNET: 

http://www.edvz.sbg.ac.at/pfl/ial3/second.htm.

The program includes lectures over five days, as well as three excursions before 

or after the symposium.



Correction:

In the Second Circular, page 6, an error has occurred. The conveners of Section 

D, Chemistry, are:

E. Manrique-Reol, Madrid, and T. Lumbsch, Essen.





GENERAL MEETING OF THE IAL IN SALZBURG



A General Meeting of the IAL will be held during the IAL Symposium in Salzburg 

in Austria, on Thursday September 6, 1996. All members of the IAL are urged to 

attend this meeting to discuss the following:



AGENDA

1. Apologies for absence

2. Minutes of General Meeting, Vancouver, Canada, August 19 1994 {see IAL 

Newsletter 27, 3: 42-52 (1994)

3. IAL dues {see Newsletter 27, 1: 3 (1994)}

4. Publishing of Newsletter

5. New funding

6. Officers' reports {President, Secretary, Treasurers, Editors}

7. Future IAL activities

8. Any other business

9. IAL awards: Acharius Medal, Mason E Hale Award

10. Election of Officers and Council members

Ingvar Kärnefelt, President



THE IAL LICHEN BIOLOGY FUND FOR TRAVEL GRANTS



Through an idea by Tom Nash to donate all or part of the fees due from 

Cambridge Press for the publication of Lichen Biology to IAL, a new fund has 

become available, the "IAL Lichen Biology Fund for travel grants". This new 

fund aims especially at students or other IAL members who have difficulties in 

obtaining sufficient travel money from their home countries to attend IAL 

meetings.

The Fund will now be open for the first time, for applications concerning the IAL 

meeting in Salzburg begin September 1996. As Lichen Biology has only been 

published recently, a limited amount of money is available at present.

Send your applications as letter, fax or e-mail as soon as possible, including a 

brief plan and budget. Applications should be sent to the President, Dr. I. 

Kärnefelt, Botanical Museum, Dept. of Systematic Botany, Östra Vallgatan 20, 

S-223 61 LUND, Sweden, Tel 46 (0)46 222 95 58 fax 46 (0)46 222 42 34 Email: 

Ingvar.Karnefelt@botmus.lu.se





THE CALIFORNIA LICHEN SOCIETY



The California Lichen Society, with an original roster of 10 members in January 

1994, now has a membership of 107, and continues to grow each month. Our 

members, although mostly from California, represent eleven states and Canada, 

and all levels of expertise in matters lichenological. These facts show an 

increased awareness about lichens at least in our western states.

In the List of Societies of the preceding issue of the Int. Lichenol. Newsletter 

there was a mistake in the address. The correct address is:

Info: Janet Doell, 1200 Brickyard Way #302, Pt. Richmond, CA 94801, USA.

Janet Doell



FLORA NEOTROPICA: PROGRESS IN LICHENS 1995



FLORA NEOTROPICA is intended to be a complete monographic flora of the 

tropical American region. The monographs are written by specialists and 

published for the "Organization for Flora Neotropica" (OFN) by The New York 

Botanical Garden. As of 1995, about 70 monographs have been published and 

more than 150 botanists have offered to submit monographs in the future. A 

complete list of monographs published can be obtained from the Executive 

Director of FLORA NEOTROPICA, E. Forero, New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, 

NY 10458-5126, U.S.A.

FLORA NEOTROPICA is one of the few tropical flora projects which includes 

cryptogams. Several treatments of non-lichenized fungi have been published 

and monographs of bryophytes have appeared annually since 1990. The first 

lichen monograph appeared in 1991 and several more are in press. The present 

report summarizes progress in the field of lichens. Specialists interested in 

contributing a monograph dealing with a family or genus of lichens to the series 

are invited to write to the Deputy Director of Cryptogams, S. R. Gradstein, 

Systematisch-Geobotanisches Institut, University of Göttingen, Untere Karspüle 

2, 37073 Göttingen, Germany (new address as of November 1, 1995).

Published monographs may be ordered from the Scientific Publications 

Department, New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY 10458-5126, U.S.A., 

telephone 718-817-8721, FAX 718-817-8842.



New monographs offered in 1995:

Genus Lecanora (Lecanoraceae). Number of species unknown.

By T. Lumbsch, Fachbereich 9 (Botanik), Universtät Essen, D-45117 Essen, 

Germany. Deadline 1999.

The usnic-acid containing genera of Parmeliaceae: 12 genera, including 

Everniopsis, Flavoparmelia, Flavopunctelia, Hypotrachyna, Parmeliopsis, 

Parmotrema, Pseudoparmelia, Psiloparmelia, Relicina, Relicinopsis, Rhizoplaca 

and Xanthoparmelia. Estimated number of species: 120.

By T. H. Nash III, Arizona State University, Box 871601, Tempe, AZ 85287-

1601, USA, together with C. Gries (ASU) and J. A. Elix (Canberra, Australia). 

Deadline: 2000.

Family Opegraphaceae pro parte: the genera Bactrospora, Cresponea, 

Lecanactis, Lecanographa and Sagenidiopsis. Estimated number of species: 29 

species.

By J. Egea, Dept. de Biologia Vegetal, Universidad de Murcia, 30071 Murcia, 

Spain. Deadline: 1997.



Monographs in press:

Caliciales by L. Tibell, Uppsala: 51 species in 17 genera (6 families).

Syncesia (Arthoniales), by A. Tehler, Stockholm: 17 species.



Monograph (pre)reviewed:

Cladoniaceae by T. Ahti, Helsinki: 150+ species. A portion of the manuscript 

has been checked for style. The manuscript is in the final stage and should 

soon be ready for submission.



Further progress in 1995:

Foliicolous lichens by R. Lücking, Abteilung Spezielle Botanik, Universität Ulm, 

Germany. The author has received a 2-year post-doc stipendium from the 

Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), beginning September 1995, to work 

on this important monograph. The treatment will deal with the following 

groups:

Asterothyriaceae (ca. 30 spp.). Deadline: end 1996.

Ectolechiaceae (ca. 30 spp.); co-author: M. Matzer (Graz, Austria). Deadline: end 

1997.

Gomphillaceae (ca. 100 spp.); co-author A. Vezda (Brno, Czech Republic). 

Deadline: end 1998.

Pilocarpaceae (ca. 45 spp.); co-author E. Farkas (Vácrátót, Hungary). Deadline: 

end 1998.

Aspidothelium (ca. 7 spp.). Deadline: end 1997.

Chroodiscus (ca. 5 ssp.). Deadline: end 1997.

Mazosia (ca. 15 ssp.); co-authors: K. Kalb (Neumarkt, Germany) and G. Thor 

(Japan). Deadline: end 1996.

Trichothelium (ca. 20 spp.). Deadline: end 1997.



Summary of lichen contributions to Flora Neotropica as of 1995:

Arthoniales

Syncesia (17 spp.)	A. Tehler (Stockholm), monograph in press

Asterothyriaceae (ca. 30 sp.)	R. Lücking (Ulm)

Bacidiaceae

Phyllopsora (18 spp.)	L. Brako (St. Louis), FN Monograph 55, 1991

Caliciales (51 spp., 17 genera)	L. Tibell (Uppsala), monograph in press

Cladoniaceae (150+ spp.)	T. Ahti (Helsinki)

Collemataceae

Leptogium azureum group (20 spp.)	M. Lindström (Göteborg)

Ectolechiaceae (ca. 30 spp.)	R. Lücking (Ulm) & M. Matzer (Graz)

Gomphillaceae (ca. 100 spp.)	R. Lücking (Ulm) & A. Vezda (Brno)

Lecanoraceae

Lecanora	T. Lumbsch (Essen)

Opegraphaceae

Bactrospora (8 spp.), Cresponea (4 spp.), Lecanographa (8 spp.), 

Sagenidiopsis (1 spp.)	J. Egea (Murcia)

Pannariaceae (ca. 40 spp.)	P.M. Jörgensen (Bergen)

Parmeliaceae

The usnic-acid containing genera of Parmeliaceae 

(12 genera, ca. 120 species)	T. Nash (Tempe) together with C. Gries 

	(Tempe) and J. A. Elix (Canberra)

Peltigeraceae

Peltigera (ca. 20 spp.)	O. Vitikainen (Helsinki)

Physciaceae (= Pyxinaceae)	R. Moberg (Uppsala)

Pilocarpaceae (ca. 45 spp.)	R. Lücking (Ulm) & E. Farkas (Vácrátót)

Ramalinaceae (ca. 80 spp.)	H. Kashiwadani (Tsukuba)

Stereocaulaceae (25 spp.)	H. J. Sipman (Berlin)

Stictaceae s. l. (75 spp.)	D. Galloway (Opoho)

Trypetheliaceae (150 spp.)	R. Harris (New York)

Umbilicariaceae (ca. 15 spp.)	G. Hestmark (Oslo)

Other groups:

Genus Aspidothelium (ca. 7 spp.)	R. Lücking (Ulm)

Genus Chroodiscus (ca. 5 spp.)	R. Lücking (Ulm)

Genus Mazosia (ca. 15 spp.)	R. Lücking (Ulm), K. Kalb (Neumarkt) & G. Thor 

	(Tsukuba)

Genus Trichothelium (ca. 20 spp.)	R. Lücking (Ulm)





REPORT OF THE OPTIMA COMMISSION OF LICHENS:

summary of presentations held in Sevilla, Spain, September 1995



Mediterranean Lichens: an introduction

The high lichen biodiversity of the Mediterranean region deserves special 

attention from lichen taxonomists and ecologists. The retrieval and 

interpretation of ancient floristic data is a difficult task, as this information was 

often published in minor journals, or in exsiccata; furthermore, the voucher 

materials are dispersed in numerous herbaria, many of which are located 

outside the Mediterranean area. The poor management of many European 

cryptogamic herbaria is another source of difficulty, which often makes 

consultation of the material very problematic. The O.P.T.I.M.A. Commission for 

Lichens intends to improve this situation by facilitating access to 

bibliographical information, with the publication of regional check-lists as a 

necessary first step towards the compilation of a general lichen check-list for 

the whole of the Mediterranean region. Some of the problems encountered 

during this activity, and some of the most important results will be presented 

during this symposium.

X. Llimona, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Barcelona (Spain)



THE LICHEN FLORA OF TUNISIA

Previous interpretations of the Tunisian lichen flora in the 1950s were based on 

186 recorded species listed in fragmentary and widely scattered published 

sources. A detailed literature survey, supplemented by herbarium studies, 

including those on collections made by the author in 1973, has shown the 

currently known Tunisian lichen flora to comprise 411 taxa (394 species, 3 

subspecies, 11 varieties and 3 forms). Accepting that Morocco and Algeria are 

larger in area than Tunisia, their lichen diversities of more than 630 and 575 

taxa respectively would suggest that this Tunisian list should be probably 

expanded by 40%. Therefore, much remains to be done in terms of (a) a more 

comprehensive examination of existing Tunisian lichens in numerous herbaria, 

(b) more detailed fieldwork, including extensive ecological investigations, and (c) 

phytogeographic interpretation. In the meantime, case studies of select habitats 

and species will be discussed in the wider context of the Mediterranean lichen 

flora.

M. R. D. Seaward, Dept. of Environmental Science, Univ. of Bradford (UK).



TOWARDS A CHECK-LIST OF MEDITERRANEAN LICHENS: STATE OF THE 

ART AND FUTURE ACTIVITIES

A fundamental pre-requisite for the compilation of a Check-List of 

Mediterranean lichens is the publication of updated national check-lists. The 

Check-list for Italy was published in 1993, and will be updated every 5 years. 

By the end of 1995 the following areas will be also covered: Iberian Peninsula 

(Spain and Portugal), Israel, Morocco, Tunisia, Mediterranean Turkey. The 

Check-lists for southern France and Slovenia should be available by 1997. The 

following areas are still uncovered by a modern check-list, and are also 

generally poorly-known from a lichenological point of view: Albania, Algeria, 

Croatia, Cyprus, Egypt, Greece, Libya, Lebanon and Malta. On the basis of the 

information available, the relations between surface area, ecological diversity 

and number of taxa for Mediterranean countries is discussed. The future 

activity of the O.P.T.I.M.A. Commission for Lichens should be centered on two 

main points: a) promoting the compilation of checklists for those areas which 

are still not covered; b) promoting joint field work in poorly-known parts of the 

Mediterranean Region. These activities, which will last approximately for the 

next three to four years, should provide a consistent body of knowledge on 

which the compilation of a general Check-List, with the collaboration of several 

regional advisers and specialists, could be based.

P. L. Nimis, Dept. of Biology, The University, Trieste (Italy).



A LICHEN CHECK-LIST OF THE IBERIAN PENINSULA AND BALEARIC 

ISLANDS

The main aim of this work on the lichen flora of Spain and Portugal, is the 

production of a detailed check-list in the form of a guide to the bibliographical 

sources of published floristic information by the Spanish Lichen Society. The 

database is produced in a FoxPro version, adapted by Dr. N. L. Hladun. Each 

entry (usually a species name) is followed by the citation, in chronological order, 

of the sources (authors, date of publication) including page and number of 

references. Up to now, 1466 sources have been incorporated (170 with data 

from Portugal only, 824 from Spain only). Altogether, 41.576 data are entered, 

each usually corresponding to 1-10 records. Comments on the preparation of 

this bibliographical list are made, such as treating problems, searching for 

sources, assembling a thesaurus of sources, entering of information, and 

search for valid names. A comparison between the check-list information and 

the results of work with herbarium and self-collected material is made in the 

cases of treatments of several lichen genera such as Rinodina, Ochrolechia and 

Diploschistes.

M. Giralt, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Barcelona (Spain)



LICHENS OF THE MEDITERRANEAN REGION OF TURKEY

The delimitation of the Mediterranean part of Turkey is critically discussed. This 

area includes nine provinces directly adjoining the Mediterranean sea, and two 

adjacent provinces. The Lichen Check-list of Mediterranean Turkey is based on 

literature records, on herbarium specimens, and on the results of original field 

work. For several species, the distributional data have been arranged on a grid-

scheme. A brief history of lichenology, and a bibliography concerning the 

lichens of Turkey is presented. Existing information on the lichen flora of this 

area is summarized, and particularly poorly-known areas are suggested for 

further field work.

V. John, Pfalzmuseum für Naturkunde, Bad Dürkheim (Germany)



THE LICHEN FLORA OF MOROCCO

A preliminary Check-list of the Lichens of Morocco has been compiled, based on 

literature data, and on the results of original investigations in that area. For 

each taxon, the following information is included: basionym, the most relevant 

synonyms, and bibliographical references, given separately for 9 geographical 

subdivisions of Morocco. A brief history of the lichenological exploration of 

Morocco is presented. The results of the Check-list allow identification of the 

main areas for which further field work is particularly urgent.

J. M. Egea, Dep. de Biologia Vegetal, Facultad de Biologia, Murcia (Spain)



DISCUSSION LIST ON LICHENS

The purpose of this list server is to promote communication among 

lichenologists on any topic that may be of interest to participants.

For example, in preparation for the Salzburg IAL meeting, we would like to hear 

from lichenologists regarding the preparation of a world-wide list of endangered 

lichens for IUCN. Though a complete listing is almost impossible to achieve, we 

would like to have a representative list of approximately fifty lichens ready for 

the Salzburg meeting. A questionnaire has been developed which will be 

distributed soon.

The list server will also serve as a means of disseminating information rapidly 

and alerting subscribers to world wide web sites with lichen information.

If you are interested, please send the following message to the 

	        listproc@hawaii.edu						

	SUBSCRIBE LICHENS-L YourFirstName YourLastName

If you have any questions, please contact Cliff Smith at cliff@hawaii.edu.

Cliff Smith





FIELD MEETING IN DEVON, ENGLAND

The 1996 summer field meeting of the Dutch Bryological and Lichenological 

Society will be held from 22th till 31th July in Devonshire, England. The 

summer field meetings are popular among Dutch amateur and professional 

bryologists and lichenologists, who often bring their families. Many interesting 

floristic observations are expected, since this summer's meeting site is situated 

in an area with very little air pollution and a pronounced oceanic aspect. The 

DBLS welcomes participation from outside the Society, in particular from the U. 

K. The meeting will be based on a camping site at Bovey Tracey: Coombe Park, 

Coombe Lane, Bovey Tracey, South Devon, TQ13 9PH, U. K. Those who are 

interested in attending should contact for further information: Klaas van Dort, 

Graspieperweide 4, 6708 LR Wageningen, The Netherlands; tel. 0317-413758.





LICHENOLOGICAL WORKING-GROUP CLADONIA IN SLOVAKIA

In 1985, the "coach" of the Slovak lichenological team, following the moral of an 

old Slavic fable - "union is strength", hit upon a good idea. I. Pisut - crucial 

personality in the team - found it indispensable to establish an informal, 

organized society (since 1993 as formal unit of Slovak Botanical Society). So the 

idea was born. As a nameless subject is usually considered as not alive, in a 

sense, a second step was taken was taken - to give "a label". The result was the 

Lichenological Working-Group Cladonia.

Since 1985 a ritual border-line passing "Appertio anni lichenologici" in 

February and in October (later "Vindaemia lichenologica") has been dividing 

each year into two parts. Periods filled with field-trips, seminars and other 

"scientific events" are alternating with periods, characterized by systematic 

examination of material collected.

In 1988 the Cladonia founded a tradition of Bryo-Lichenological Days. Since 

then these have been organized in cooperation with Czech colleagues, taking 

place either in Slovakia or the Czech Republic.

The past botanical year was fruitful, with seminars on projects within the 

framework of EECONET, on the state of the lichen flora in north-western 

Slovakia, damage by air pollution, and many others. Searching for interesting 

species (e. g. Cladonia portentosa, Peltigera malacea) and mapping of 

endangered lichens in south-eastern Slovakia was the aim of field trips.

Anna Lackovicova





EASTERN LICHEN NETWORK

The Eastern Lichen Network, some 20 lichenologists linked electronically, has 

started a long-term collaborative project to describe the lichen flora of Eastern 

North America - west to the prairie border and north to the Arctic (about 54 

degrees N). The goal of the project is to encourage members to choose a genus, 

write up descriptions and keys to the species found in eastern North America, 

and begin work on a distribution map. Jim Hinds has provided a model by 

launching the project with the genus Parmelia. While it would be unfair to say 

that genera are going like hotcakes, those which are mono-specific in the 

region, or recently monographed have been suggested as starting points. For 

questions, suggestions or if you are interested in joining the Eastern Lichen 

Network, please contact Marian Glenn via e-mail at 

GLENNMAR@LANMAIL.SHU.EDU.

Marian Glenn





SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS FROM IAL2 IN BÅSTAD

The publication of the IAL2 proceedings was marred by problems in the 

technical editing. Being responsible for the scientific editing, it was most 

distressing and frustrating for me to see the publication process thwarted and 

delayed for such an unreasonable time at the technical editing and publication 

stage. It was also less than satisfactory to have the proceedings fragmented into 

five issues of Cryptogamic Botany (not to mention incidents like one issue, Vol. 

4, No. 4, being published with a symposium cover - but containing no 

symposium papers!).

In retrospect, it is little comfort that it may be seen as part of the disintegration 

process of the journal, which has led to it being discontinued after volume 5.

A current problem is that the symposium papers may not be easily available to 

the participants. At an early stage during my time as scientific editor I raised 

the matter of sale of the symposium proceedings at a special price to the 

participants of the symposium (and possibly other private persons) with the 

technical editor and publishing company repeatedly. I suggested special sales 

efforts, a suitable price level and twice supplied address lists of participants at 

the symposium, strongly urging the publisher to offer them a special offer for 

buying the issues. Nothing ever happened, unfortunately.

Now I have received information about the stock situation of the issues which is 

quite worrying. According to a letter from the Fischer Verlag Periodicals 

Department there is of Vol. 4, issues 2 and 3 only 50 copies in stock left, and of 

vol. 5, issues 1, 2 and 3 only 70 copies. Vol. 4 and 5 can be bought for DM 170 

each; single issues can be bought for DM 42.50.



The contents of the issues are as follows:

Vol. 4, No. 2: Section I. Ecology and Ecophysiology.

Vol. 4, No. 3: Section II. Morphology and Development.

Vol. 5, No. 1: Section III. Chemistry and Chemotaxonomy. Section IV. The DNA 

and RNA data in Lichen Studies.

Vol. 5, No. 2: Section V. Systematics and Phylogeny. Section VI. Reproduction 

and Dispersal. Section VII. Biogeography.

Vol. 5, No. 3: Section VIII. Bioindication and Conservation. Section IX. 

Biodeterioration.



For orders the address is: Periodicals Department, Gustav Fischer Verlag, 

Postfach 720143, D-70577 Stuttgart, Germany. Phone: 0711/458030; Fax: 

0711/4580334.

Leif Tibell





ADVANCED COURSE ON LICHENOLOGY

A course "Biology and Systematics of Lichens and Lichenicolous Fungi" will 

take be held in Lövstabruk, N of Uppsala, May 5-17, 1996.

The course is open to research students and scientists in a post-doc. phase and 

is funded by NorFA, a Nordic agency for promoting higher research education. 

Twenty participants form the Nordic countries will take part and extra funds 

have also been supplied for ten participants from the Baltic Countries and 

Western Russia.

Dr. Leif Tibell (Uppsala) has organized the course, and he and Prof. T. Ahti 

(Helsinki) will be the leaders.

The following specialists will give lectures and lead work-shops during the 

course: Prof. T. Ahti, Helsinki, Finland; Dr. J. Hafellner, Graz, Austria; Dr. T. 

Lumbsch, Essen, Germany; Dr. S. Ott, Düsseldorf, Germany; Dr. K. Palmquist, 

Umeå, Sweden; Dr. J. Rikkinen, Helsinki, Finland; Prof. A. Tehler, Stockholm, 

Sweden; Dr. L. Tibell, Uppsala, Sweden.

Leif Tibell





NEW LITERATURE

Fred J. A. DANIELS, Margot SCHULZ and Joerg PEINE (editors). 1995. Flechten 

Follmann, Contributions to Lichenology in Honour of Gerhard Follmann. 580 

pages. Published by the Geobotanical and Phytotaxonomical Study Group, 

Botanical Institute, University of Cologne. Available from: Koeltz Scientific 

Books, Koenigstein, Germany. Price: 170 DM. (Contains a short biography of G. 

Follmann, a complete bibliography of his publications from 1955 to 1994, and 

52 contributions on lichens and lichenicolous fungi, about chemistry, anatomy, 

morphology, physiology, ecology, taxonomy, chorology, sociology and ethnology, 

by more than 100 authors; several new species and two new genera are 

described; in English (mainly), Spanish and German.)



Martha DE VALENCIA and Jaime AGUIRRE. 1995. Líquenes. Morfologia, 

Anatomia, Systemática. 142 Pages. Published by Universidad Nacional de 

Colombia, Bogota. (An introduction to lichens for students, containing chapters 

on ecology, morphology, chemistry, taxonomy, a key to the macrolichen genera 

of Colombia, short descriptions, and in part drawings, of these genera, 

instructions for collecting and classes; in Spanish.)



Richard C. HARRIS. 1995. More Florida Lichens including the 10c tour of the 

pyrenolichens. 192 Pages. Published by the author, The New York Botanical 

Garden, Bronx, NY 10458-5126, U.S.A. (Includes keys to the genera and 

species of lichens occurring in Florida (USA), with particular emphasis on the 

pyrenocarpous lichens, and to all species of Anisomeridium; including many 

new combinations and new definitions for various genera.)



Ludwik LIPNICKI & Hanna WOJCIAK. 1995. Porosty, Klucz - Atlas do 

oznaczania najpospolitszych gatunkow [Lichens, Key - Atlas for the 

identification of the commonest genera]. ISBN 83-02-05668-5. Wydawnictwa 

Szkolne i Pedagogizne, Warszawa. 216 pages. (An illustrated booklet with 

introductory chapters on lichen morphology, anatomy and ecology,  and with 

keys, descriptions and colour pictures for 95 of the commonest lichens in 

lowland Poland, mainly macrolichens; it is intended for beginners and hopes to 

promote the protection of lichens; in Polish.)



Thomas H. NASH III (ed.). 1996. Lichen Biology. 303 Pages. Published by 

Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. ISBN 0 521 45974 5 (paperback) 

or 0 521 45368 2 (hardback). Price £16.95 (US$24.95) and £50.00 (US$69.95). 

(An introduction to various biological aspects of lichens, directed at students 

and scientists; contains chapters by various specialists, usually the leading 

experts, on topics such as morphology, morphogenesis, metabolism, 

biochemistry, ecology, biogeography, classification and bioindication.)



Christian PRINTZEN. 1995. Die Flechtengattung Biatora in Europa. Bibliotheca 

Lichenologica Bd. 60. 275 pages. (A treatment of 17 recognized taxa from 

Europe, with key, descriptions, discussions of characters and affinities, revision 

of many types; in German, with English key added.)



Bettina STAIGER & Klaus KALB. 1995. Haematomma-Studien, 1. Die 

Flechtengattung Haematomma. Bibliotheca Lichenologica Bd. 59, p. 1-198, 27 

fig. (A treatment of 35 taxa recognized worldwide, with key, descriptions, 

discussions of characters, heavily depending on chemical properties; including 

10 new species; volume includes part II (pp. 199-222) on lichenicolous fungi on 

Haematomma species, by the authors together with Josef Hafellner; in German, 

with English key added.)



Mats WEDIN. 1995. The Lichen Family Sphaerophoraceae (Caliciales, 

Ascomycotina) in Temperate Areas of the Southern Hemisphere. Symbolae 

Botanicae Upsalienses 31:1, 102 pages. (A treatment of 23 species in the genera 

Bunodophoron, Leifidium and Sphaerophorus, with general chapters on 

morphology, anatomy, ecology, chemistry, keys to the species, detailed 

descriptions with distribution maps and many photographs.)





LICHENS ON-LINE

The lichenological facilities on INTERNET are expanding rapidly, and the survey 

below is certainly incomplete. New are, e.g., Cliff Smith's Lichen World, with a 

list of addresses of lichenologists, and Cliff Wetmore's catalogues of species in 

the Minnesota University lichen herbarium. The items can be reached 

conveniently via the info pages. See also the note on the Eastern Lichen 

Network above.

Additions and comments for this rubric by the suppliers and users would be 

highly appreciated. Contributions preferably to be sent via e-mail to: 

.



A. Access: Info-pages

Several "info-pages" are now available, which provide connections with one or 

more of the resources listed below, and many other ones which might be of 

interest.

Mycology - WWW sites of interest (Munich, Germany): 

http://www.botanik.biologie.uni-

muenchen.de/botsamml/mycology/mycology.html

Mycology Resources (Cornell University, USA): 

http://muse.bio.cornell.edu/~fungi/

The Lichens, by Tatsuya Okamoto (Kochi University, Japan): 

http://www.is.kochi-u.ac.jp/Bio/lichens/lichens.html





B. Lichen herbaria

Lichen types in US; label information for holo- and isotypes. Access: gopher 

USA-Washington DC-Smithsonian Institution.

Cryptogams of CBG; label information for some 50.000 specimens.

List of lichen genera in S; an alphabetical list of genus names, without authors. 

Last update:5 Jan. 1994.

Checklist of lichens reported from the three Guianas; a list of lichen names. 

Last update: 1994. Access: gopher USA-Washington DC-Smithsonian 

Institution.

Catalogue of the lichen herbarium of the University of Minnesota Herbarium; 

lists of names of Minnesota and foreign species, types.



C. Addresses

Mycologists Online; addresses of mycologists, incl. lichenologists. Access: 

gopher USA-Massachusetts-Cambridge-Farlow, or: 

gopher://muse.bio.cornell.edu:70/11/directories/mo.

E-mail numbers of lichenologists (and mycologists). Last update: December 

1995. Access: http://www.botanik.biologie.uni-

muenchen.de/botsamml/lias/lias.html.

Addresses of lichenologists. Access via Cliff Smith's Lichen World. Access: 

http://nic2.hawaii.edu/~cliff/.



D. Literature

CATALPA: New York Botanical Garden library catalog. Last update: 

continuously updated. Access: telnet: librisc.nybg.org

The Lichenologist: Tables of contents of the recent issues from 26(4) onward. 

Access: 

gopher://ukoln.bath.ac.uk:7070/11/Link/Tree/Publishing/AcademicPress/AP

Journals/APJ35.



E. Diversae

LIAS-info pages: LIAS is designed as an information and data storage system for 

lichenized and lichenicolous Ascomycetes. A first version is under development 

and will be distributed via CD-ROM. The info pages give information on the taxa 

treated, as well as access to some further online information of lichenological 

interest. Offered by Gerhard Rambold, Germany. Last update: September 1995. 

Access: http://www.zi.biologie.uni-muenchen.de/botsamml/lias/lias.html.

"Lichen": floristical database with distribution maps of epiphytic lichens of 

Switzerland. Offered by Christoph Scheidegger, Switzerland. Last update: 1 

September 1995. Access: 

http://www.wsl.ch/rauminf/riv/datenbank/lichen/database_lichen.html.

"Lichen Information System" issued from the University of Salzburg (in 

preparation).

"PLANTS database": includes names and distribution of lichens in continental 

North America (excl. Mexico) (in preparation).

Checklist of Japanese Lichens, by Tatsuya Okamoto, Kochi University.

Lichen World, by Cliff Smith. Contains a list of addresses of lichenologists and 

the constitution of the IAL.

Second circular of the Third IAL Symposium, Salzburg, 1-7 September 1996:  

http://www.edvz.sbg.ac.at/pfl/ial3/second.htm.





PERSONALIA

Eugenia G. Kopachevskaya (1927-1995)

The Ukrainian lichenologist Eugenia Kopachevskaya died on August 8, 1995 in 

her apartment in Kiev, of an acute heart attack. Born on September 29, 1927 in 

the Donezk region, Ukraine, Eugenia (Zhenya for her friends) graduated from 

the Biological Department of Kiev University in 1952, and during her whole 

scientific career was connected with the Institute of Botany of the Ukrainian 

Academy of Sciences in Kiev. As post-graduate student of the well-known 

Ukrainian lichenologist Prof. A. N. Oxner, she received the Candidate of 

Biological Sciences degree from this institute in 1963. Her dissertation was on 

"The lichens of the forests of the Crimea reserve". Zhenya contributed 

significantly to the expansion of the lichen herbarium in the Institute of Botany, 

founded by Prof. Oxner. She participated in botanical expeditions to various 

parts of the Ukraine with Prof. Oxner and Prof. Mariya F. Makarevich, but her 

major interest was in the lichen flora of the Crimea peninsula and its 

communities. She devoted much of her efforts to the publication of the 

monograph "The lichen flora of the Crimea and its analysis", 1986 (Kiev, 

Naukova dumka Press, 296 pp., in Russian). As co-author of the Handbook of 

the Lichens of the USSR, she contributed extensive sections on the genera 

Lecanora (Placolecanora) and Squamarina (vol. 1, 1971), and the families 

Verrucariaceae and Polyblastiaceae (vol. 4, 1977).

My personal contact with Zhenya and her husband Oleg B. Blum, who is also a 

respected lichenologist, goes back to 1965, when I met them at a conference for 

mycologists and lichenologists. Later I visited the family regularly in Kiev. My 

visits became more frequent after the Chernobyl accident while I studied its 

ecological consequences. I remember Zhenya as a warm, attractive, cheerful 

and courageous woman; a loving and compassionate wife, mother and 

grandmother; and as a delightful and most capable colleague. She liked 

classical music, opera and especially ballet. Zhenya was a very good amateur 

ballerina at the Kiev University theatre. She passed on her enthusiasm for 

music to her daughter Olga, who is a teacher of music.

Zhenya's many friends and colleagues mourn her untimely death and share the 

deep sorrow that is borne by Oleg. She will live on in our hearts and her 

scientific accomplishments will forever influence lichenologists through the 

world.

Lev G. Biazrov



DIARY

(Abbreviations refer to the organizing societies, see above.)



1996

21-26 July. Primeiro Encontro Brasileiro de Liquenologia (First Brazilian 

Lichenology Meeting), to be held during the XLVII Congreso Nacional de 

Botânica in Nova Friburgo. Info: Marcelo P. Marcelli, Instituto de Botânica, 

Seçïo de Micologia e Liquenologia, Caixa Postal 4005 - CEP 01061-970, Sïo 

Paulo - SP, Brazil.

22-31 July. Summer field meeting of the Dutch BLW in Devon, England. Info. 

see p. XXX.

1-7 September. IAL 3: Progress and Problems in Lichenology in the Nineties. 

Info: Dr. Roman Türk, Institute of Plant Physiology, Hellbrunnerstrasse 34, A-

5020 Salzburg, Austria; fax +43 662 8044-5010. See also p. xxx.



1997

13-18 April. Second International Symbiosis Congress, to be held in Woods 

Hole, MA, USA. Info see ILN 28(1), p. 8.

September." Re-collecting Vainio", IAL field meeting in Caraça, Brazil. Info see 

ILN 28(2), p.26.



1998

23-28 August. IMC6, Jerusalem. Info: Margalith Galun.