Updated partial list of macroalgae introduced to O’ahu since 1950 (Russell 1992).

Species O’ahu locale Date Origin Success Product Value? Competition?
Acanthophora spicifera Pearl Harbor and/or Waikiki after 1950 Guam highly successful none Laurencia spp.

Avrainvillea amadelpha

 Koko Head, Kahe Pt after 1981 West Pacific? successful none many reef spps ?
Eucheuma denticulatum Honolulu Harbor,  Kane’ohe Bay from 10/70 to late 1976 Philippines not successful kappa carrageenan unknown
E. isiforme Kane’ohe Bay 1/74 Florida no iota carrageenan none
Gracilaria epihippisora Waikiki & Kane'ohe Bay 4/71 9/78 Big Island (Hawai'i) marginal agar unknown
G. eucheumoides Kane'ohe Bay mid 1970's Philippines unknown carrageenan unknown

G. salicornia

 Waikiki & Kane’ohe Bay 4/71 9/78 Big Island (Hawai'i) highly successful agar many reef spp
G. tikvahiae Kane’ohe Bay & Kahuku mid 1970's Florida successful carrageenan fresh produce unknown
Gracilaria sp. Honolulu Harbor 1971 Philippines unknown carrageenan unknown

Hypnea musciformis

Kane’ohe Bay

 1/74 Florida highly successful kappa carrageenan many reef spp

Kappaphycus alvarezii

Honolulu Harbor & Kane’ohe Bay

 9/74 to late1976 Philippines successful kappa carrageenan

unknown
K. striatum

Honolulu Harbor & Kane’ohe Bay

 8/70 to late1976 Pohnpei and Philippines successful kappa carrageenan

unknown

Lola lubrica

 Makapu’u & Kahuku 1976 California no none none
Macrocystis pyrifera Makapu’u & Keahole Pt 1972 1980's California no Abalone food ; alginates none

Nemacystus decipiens

Waikiki 1950's unknown successful none unknown
Pilinella californica Makapu'u Kahuku 1976 California no none none
Porphyra sp. O'ahu unknown Japan unknown nori unknown
Wrangelia bicuspidata Kane'ohe Bay 1974 unknown successful none unknown

Related Literature

Belsher, T. P. Bailly De Bois & N. Salou. 1984. Expansion de l’algue d’origine japonaise, Sargassum muticum (Yendo) Fensholt, sur les cotes francaises, de 1983 a 1984. Cahiers del Biologie marine. 25:449-55.

Brostoff, W.  1989 Avrainvillea amadelpha (Codiales, Chlorophyta) from Oahu Hawaii. Pac. Sci. 43:166-9

Carlton, J. T. & J. A. Scanlon. 1985. Progression and dispersal of an introduce alga: Codium fragile spp. tomentosoides (Chlorophyta ) on the the Atlantic coast of North America. Bot. Mar. 28:155-65.

Doty, M.S. 1961. Acanthophora, a possible invader of the marine flora of Hawaii. Pac. Sci. 15:547-52.

Ribera, M. A. & C. F. Boudouresque. 1995. Introduced marine plants, with special reference to macroalgae: mechanisms and impact. Prog. Phycological Res. (FE Round & DJ Chapman eds.) 11:187-268.

Russell, D. J. 1992. The ecological invasion of Hawaiian reefs by two marine red algae, Acanthophora spicifera (Vahl) Boerg. and Hypnea musciformis (Wulfen) J. Ag. and their assocation with two native species, Laurencia nidifica J. Ag. and Hypnea cervicornis. J. Ag. ICES Marine Science Symposium 194:1008-13.

Smith, S. V., W. J. Kimmerer, E. A. Laws, R. E. Brock & T. W. Walsh. 1981. Kane’ohe Bay sewage diversion experiment: perspectives on ecosystem responses to nutritional perturbation. Pac. Sci. 35:279-395.