Course Description—Botany 661 will provide a formal mechanism through which students will have the opportunity to quickly and efficiently gain experience with the native genera of Hawaiian vascular plants. This experience should facilitate the initiation and completion of individual student research programs in the areas of ecology, evolution, systematics, and conservation. After a brief introduction to the Hawaiian setting and review of terminology, the lectures will introduce the genera to be studied in the corresponding lab. Lectures will incorporate extensive supporting audiovisual or multimedia materials available to the instructors. For well-studied groups, available biosystematic, biogeographic, cytogenetic, ecological, and molecular evolutionary data will be summarized. The lab will rely primarily on preserved herbarium materials to provide the opportunity for students to study representative and diagnostic features of native genera. The lab also has on-line computers with links to extensive reference materials and illustrations of native plants. These are continuously available to provide visual images and other learning reinforcement opportunities on demand. Field trips to the coastal strand, and to the Wai’anae and Ko’olau Mountains will complement the experiences in the lab and provide a glimpse of the objects of study in their own unique environments.

Course Level—Botany 661 is a 3 credit graduate course. The expected level of preparation is Botany 461 or equivalent. The course will be fast-paced and will assume that participants have had experience with plant systematics, including knowledge of vascular plant families, descriptive terminology, and use of identification keys.

Evaluation of Student Performance—There will be weekly lab quizzes and lecture and lab midterms and finals. The lecture (take-home) examinations will emphasize synthesis of information about the biogeography, evolution, and systematic relationships of selected Hawaiian plant groups. The first lecture exam will be distributed in the first week of February and is due back one week after the first lab exam. The final lecture exam will be distributed in the first week of April and is due back on the final exam day for this course. The lab midterm and final exams will be practical in nature, emphasizing recognition of native plant genera based on herbarium specimens and/or photographs. The quiz score total and the lectures and lab exams will each constitute 20% of the final grade.

For vascular plant families: http://www.botany.hawaii.edu/faculty/carr/pfamilies.htm

For the silversword alliance: http://www.botany.hawaii.edu/faculty/carr/silversword.htm

Date	Topic

Jan 8	Introduction, The Hawaiian Milieu, Derivation of the Hawaiian Flora
10	Vegetation Zones, Vegetative Plant Terminology
15	Holiday – Martin Luther King
17	Subclasses of Flowering Plants, Reproductive Terminology
22-24	Aizoaceae, Amaranthaceae, Anacardiaceae, Apiaceae, Apocynaceae, Aquifoliaceae, Araliaceae
29-31	Asteraceae, Begoniaceae, Boraginaceae, Brassicaceae
Feb 5-7	Campanulaceae Capparaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Celastraceae, Chenopodiaceae,
12-14	Euphorbiaceae, Fabaceae
19	Holiday – Presidents’ Day
21	Convolvulaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Cuscutaceae, Droseraceae, Ebenaceae, Elaeocarpaceae, Epacridaceae, Ericaceae, Flacourtiaceae, Gentianaceae,
26-28	Geraniaceae, Gesneriaceae Goodeniaceae, Gunneraceae, Hydrangeaceae, Hydrophyllaceae, Lamiaceae, Lauraceae, Loganiaceae, Lythraceae, Menispermaceae
Mar 5	Midterm Lab Exam
7	Malvaceae, Moraceae, Myoporaceae, Myrsinaceae, Myrtaceae
12-14	Nyctaginaceae, Oleaceae, Papaveraceae, Phytolaccaceae, Piperaceae, Pittosporaceae, Plantaginaceae, Plumbaginaceae, Polygonaceae, Portulacaceae, Primulaceae, Ranunculaceae,
19-21	Rhamnaceae, Rosaceae, Rubiaceae
26-28	Spring Recess
Apr 2-4	Rutaceae, Santalaceae, Sapindaceae, Sapotaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Solanaceae, Sterculiaceae
9-11	Theaceae, Thymelaeaceae, Urticaceae, Verbenaceae, Violaceae, Viscaceae, Zygophyllaceae, Agavaceae, Arecaceae
16-18	Hydrocharitaceae, Iridaceae, Joinvilleaceae, Juncaceae, Liliaceae, Orchidaceae, Pandanaceae, Potamogetonaceae, Ruppiaceae, Smilacaceae
23-25	Poaceae, Cyperaceae
30	Ferns
May 2	Course Evaluation, Lab Final

Carlquist, S. 1970. Hawaii, a natural history. Natural History Press, Garden City, New York.

Carson, H. L. and D. A. Clague. 1995. Geology and Biogeography of the Hawaiian Islands. Pp. 14-29. In: W. L. Wagner and V. A. Funk, eds. Hawaiian Biogeography. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington.

Fosberg, F. R. 1948. Derivation of the flora of the Hawaiian Islands. Pp. 107-119. In: E. C. Zimmerman, Insects of Hawaii. Vol. 1. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu. [Reprinted in E. A. Kay, ed. 1972. A natural history of the Hawaiian Islands, Pp. 396-408. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu.

Macdonald, G. A., A. T. Abbott, and F. L. Peterson. 1983. Volcanoes in the Sea, 2^nd Ed. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu.

Wagner, W. L. 1991. Evolution of waif floras: A comparison of the Hawaiian and Marquesan Archipelagoes. Pp. 267-284. In: E. C. Dudley, ed. The unity of evolutionary biology. Dioscorides Press, Portland, OR.

Wagner, W. L., D. R. Herbst, and S. H. Sohmer. 1999. Manual of the flowering plants of Hawai‘i. University of Hawaii Press and Bishop Museum Press, Honolulu.

			Botany 661 Queen's Beach Field Trip, spring, 2001
			Botany 661 Queen's/Kealia Trips, spring, 2002